ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Atherosclerotic Vascular Events in Cancer Patients.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Long-Term Cardiovascular Toxicity of Immunotherapy: Too Important to Ignore.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: Common Pathophysiology and Treatment-Emergent Toxicity.JACC. CardioOncology · 2025Review
- In the Era of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Cardio-Oncology: From Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Functional interaction between immune checkpoints and lipid metabolism in the development of arteriosclerosis obliterans.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 in cardiovascular complications leading to heart failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway in myocardial infarction: a review from pathophysiological mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Balancing anticancer therapy efficacy and safety in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Thromboembolism during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: frequency and risk factors.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced Trousseau syndrome: a case report.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Association between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Another Brick in the Wall.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Induction of Arterial Inflammation by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Lung Cancer Patients as Measured by 2-[Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Use of computed tomography coronary calcium score for prediction of cardiovascular events in cancer patients: a retrospective cohort analysis.Cardio-oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors associated cardiovascular immune-related adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Risk of cardiovascular toxicity with combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- The Heart of the Matter: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Events on the Cardiovascular System.Cancers · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: More Than Just Myocarditis.Current oncology reports · 2023Review
- Review
- Shining Damaged Hearts: Immunotherapy-Related Cardiotoxicity in the Spotlight of Nuclear Cardiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In clinical trials and meta-analysis, atherosclerotic vascular events (AVEs) during treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been reported with low incidence. However, preclinical data suggest that these drugs can promote atherosclerosis inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis plaques, and there is now growing and convincing evidence from retrospective studies that ICIs increase the risk of atherosclerotic vascular events including arterial thrombosis, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Prospective studies are needed to increase knowledge on long-term effect of ICIs or their combinations with other cardio-toxic drugs, but in the meantime a careful assessment and optimization of cardiovascular risk factors among patients treated with ICIs is advisable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.