ArticleFrontiers in molecular biosciences2021
Longitudinal Profiles of Dietary and Microbial Metabolites in Formula- and Breastfed Infants.
Article in Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-omics time-series analysis in microbiome research: a systematic review.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Pooled it
- An Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modifies the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Infants with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Infants Fed Breastmilk or 2'-FL Supplemented Formula Have Similar Systemic Levels of Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Fecal metabolome alterations in infants at risk of developing allergies during the first year of life.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Metabolome Profiling Reveals the Effects of Feeding Approaches on Infants' Gut Microenvironment.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Metabolomic analysis reveals the role of gut microbiota metabolic disorders in heart failure due to congenital heart disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Human DNA levels in feces reflect gut inflammation and associate with presence of gut species in IBD patients across the age spectrum.Microbiome · 2026Article
- The maternal gut-fetal brain axis: role of maternal microbial metabolome in early neurodevelopment.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- Multi-omics analysis highlights the link of aging-related cognitive decline with systemic inflammation and alterations of tissue-maintenance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Observational
- Impact of Maternal Microbiota Composition on Neonatal Immunity and Early Childhood Allergies: A Systematic Review.Pediatric reports · 2025Review
- Review
- Fecal Microbiome and Metabolomic Profiles of Mixed-Fed Infants Are More Similar to Formula-Fed than Breastfed Infants.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Ecologically robust gut environment associated with personalized metabolic responses in a Japanese cohort.Gut microbes reports · 2025Article
- The right educational environment: Oral tolerance in early life.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between Breast Milk N-Acetylneuraminic Acid and Infant Growth in a Gut Microbiota-Dependent Manner.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Article
- A Pilot Study Exploring Temporal Development of Gut Microbiome/Metabolome in Breastfed Neonates during the First Week of Life.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2023Article
- The potential role of early life feeding patterns in shaping the infant fecal metabolome: implications for neurodevelopmental outcomes.npj metabolic health and disease · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The early-life metabolome of the intestinal tract is dynamically influenced by colonization of gut microbiota which in turn is affected by nutrition, i.e. breast milk or formula. A detailed examination of fecal metabolites was performed to investigate the effect of probiotics in formula compared to control formula and breast milk within the first months of life in healthy neonates. A broad metabolomics approach was conceptualized to describe fecal polar and semi-polar metabolites affected by feeding type within the first year of life. Fecal metabolomes were clearly distinct between formula- and breastfed infants, mainly originating from diet and microbial metabolism. Unsaturated fatty acids and human milk oligosaccharides were increased in breastfed, whereas Maillard products were found in feces of formula-fed children. Altered microbial metabolism was represented by bile acids and aromatic amino acid metabolites. Elevated levels of sulfated bile acids were detected in stool samples of breastfed infants, whereas secondary bile acids were increased in formula-fed infants. Microbial co-metabolism was supported by significant correlation between chenodeoxycholic or lithocholic acid and members of Clostridia. Fecal metabolites showed strong inter- and intra-individual behavior with features uniquely present in certain infants and at specific time points. Nevertheless, metabolite profiles converged at the end of the first year, coinciding with solid food introduction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.