ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2021
Wheat ATIs: Characteristics and Role in Human Disease.
Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Acute and Sub-Acute Gluten Exposure on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Psychological Responses in Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Randomised Crossover Study.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Trial
- Wheat in 2025: challenges for sustainable production and consumption.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Gap Analysis of Metabolic Conversions of Off-Flavors and Antinutrients in Plant-Based Substrates.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) levels in wheat event IND-ØØ412-7 are similar to non-transgenic wheat.Transgenic research · 2026Article
- Potential of Quantitative α-Amylase or Trypsin Inhibition by Refined and Whole Wheat and Einkorn Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-NanoGIT versus Conventional Spectrophotometry.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Separating Myths From Facts About Bread and Health.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Review
- Wheat Allergy in the Era of Precision Medicine: From Novel Molecular Markers to New Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Genetic Factors Controlling the Accumulation of Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitors (ATIs) in Barley for Enhancing Human Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Spatial Transcriptomics of Developing Wheat Seed Reveals Concentric Gene Expression Zones and Subgenome Biased Expression of Key Genes.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Allergens from wheat and wheat products: A comprehensive review on allergy mechanisms and modifications.Food chemistry: X · 2025Review
- From Peptide to Protein: Development of Conversion Factors for the Quantification of Gluten Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Amylase/trypsin-inhibitor content and inhibitory activity of German common wheat landraces and modern varieties do not differ.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Lower Diversity of Amylase-Trypsin Inhibitors andJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- The Influence of Fermentation Technology on the Functional and Sensory Properties of Hemp Bread.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Gluten and Wheat in Women's Health: Beyond the Gut.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The origins and longevity of IgE responses as indicated by serological and cellular studies in mice and humans.Allergy · 2023Review
- Common Post-translational Modifications (PTMs) of Proteins: Analysis by Up-to-Date Analytical Techniques with an Emphasis on Barley.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Review
- Proteomic Characterization of Wheat Protein Fractions Taken at Different Baking Conditions.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Article
- Precision Nutrition: The Hype Is Exceeding the Science and Evidentiary Standards Needed to Inform Public Health Recommendations for Prevention of Chronic Disease.Annual review of nutrition · 2023Review
- Reference proteomes of five wheat species as starting point for future design of cultivars with lower allergenic potential.NPJ science of food · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 15 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs) comprise about 2-4% of the total wheat grain proteins and may contribute to natural defense against pests and pathogens. However, they are currently among the most widely studied wheat components because of their proposed role in adverse reactions to wheat consumption in humans. ATIs have long been known to contribute to IgE-mediated allergy (notably Bakers' asthma), but interest has increased since 2012 when they were shown to be able to trigger the innate immune system, with attention focused on their role in coeliac disease which affects about 1% of the population and, more recently, in non-coeliac wheat sensitivity which may affect up to 10% of the population. This has led to studies of their structure, inhibitory properties, genetics, control of expression, behavior during processing, effects on human adverse reactions to wheat and, most recently, strategies to modify their expression in the plant using gene editing. We therefore present an integrated account of this range of research, identifying inconsistencies, and gaps in our knowledge and identifying future research needs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.