ArticleFrontiers in medicine2021
Interplay Between Microbiota, Toll-Like Receptors and Cytokines for the Maintenance of Epithelial Barrier Integrity.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaginal Microbiota and Ovarian Cancer: A New Frontier in Immunomodulation and Diagnosis.Immunology · 2026Review
- Impact of Fermented Dairy on Gastrointestinal Health and Associated Biomarkers.Nutrition reviews · 2026Review
- The interplay between gastrointestinal dysfunction and gut microbiota dynamics in sepsis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Nanozymes in neuropathic pain: strategies bridging oxidative stress, mitochondrial repair, and neuroimmune modulation for targeted therapy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Alterations of the gut microbiota in patients with diabetic nephropathy and its association with the renin-angiotensin system.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Advances in molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for central nervous system diseases based on gut microbiota imbalance.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Protective Effects of Peanut Sprouts from a Smart Farming System on the Barrier Function of Human Epithelial Cells.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2024Article
- Air-Pollution-Mediated Microbial Dysbiosis in Health and Disease: Lung-Gut Axis and Beyond.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
- Impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on immunometabolism in colorectal cancer.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2024Review
- The Future Exploring of Gut Microbiome-Immunity Interactions: From In Vivo/Vitro Models to In Silico Innovations.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Forsythiaside A alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and epithelial barrier damages in lung and colon through PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex.Journal of advanced research · 2024Article
- Intestinal barrier permeability: the influence of gut microbiota, nutrition, and exercise.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Effect of probiotics on pain and ulceration in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects · 2024Article
- Article
- A new strategy for treating colorectal cancer: Regulating the influence of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Review
- HIV, asymptomatic STI, and the rectal mucosal immune environment among young men who have sex with men.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Mucosal healing and inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic implications and new targets.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Inflammatory Response: A Crucial Way for Gut Microbes to Regulate Cardiovascular Diseases.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract: Friend or foe?World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intestinal tract is densely populated by microbiota consisting of various commensal microorganisms that are instrumental for the healthy state of the living organism. Such commensals generate various molecules that can be recognized by the Toll-like receptors of the immune system leading to the inflammation marked by strong upregulation of various proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β. To prevent excessive inflammation, a single layer of constantly renewing, highly proliferating epithelial cells (IEC) provides proper segregation of such microorganisms from the body cavities. There are various triggers which facilitate the disturbance of the epithelial barrier which often leads to inflammation. However, the nature and duration of the stress may determine the state of the epithelial cells and their responses to cytokines. Here we discuss the role of the microbiota-TLR-cytokine axis in the maintenance of the epithelial tissue integrity. In particular, we highlight discrepancies in the function of TLR and cytokines in IEC barrier during acute or chronic inflammation and we suggest that intervention strategies should be applied based on the type of inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.