ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2021
Approach to Identifying Causative Pathogens of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children Using Culture, Molecular, and Serology Tests.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Changes in the pathogenic characteristics of hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in Changzhou, China, 2018-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Recent updates regarding the management and treatment of pneumonia in pediatric patients: a comprehensive review.Infection · 2025Review
- Article
- Rapid, season-specific PCR testing versus traditional diagnostics for pneumonia in the emergency department.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Comparing sputum, nasopharyngeal swabs, and combined samples for respiratory bacterial detection using multiplex PCR.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Comparison of the systemic inflammatory response index and the systemic immune-inflammatory index in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus andFrontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Pediatric respiratory pathogen dynamics in Southern Sichuan, China: a retrospective analysis of gender, age, and seasonal trends.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in Guangzhou: a 10-year study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Diagnostic performance of an in-house multiplex PCR assay and the retrospective surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens at a teaching hospital, Kelantan, Malaysia.Pathogens and global health · 2023Article
- Epidemiologic, clinical, and serum markers may improve discrimination between bacterial and viral etiologies of childhood pneumonia.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Accurate and intelligent diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia using X-ray images and blood testing data.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalised children in Indonesia: a multicentre, prospective study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Shift in Clinical Profile of Hospitalized Pneumonia in Children in the Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Period During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Multicenter Study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Age-Dependent Clinical Characteristics of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Young Hospitalized Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Determining the causative pathogen(s) of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children remains a challenge despite advances in diagnostic methods. Currently available guidelines generally recommend empiric antimicrobial therapy when the specific etiology is unknown. However, shifts in epidemiology, emergence of new pathogens, and increasing antimicrobial resistance underscore the importance of identifying causative pathogen(s). Although viral CAP among children is increasingly recognized, distinguishing viral from bacterial etiologies remains difficult. Obtaining high quality samples from infected lung tissue is typically the limiting factor. Additionally, interpretation of results from routinely collected specimens (blood, sputum, and nasopharyngeal swabs) is complicated by bacterial colonization and prolonged shedding of incidental respiratory viruses. Using current literature on assessment of CAP causes in children, we developed an approach for identifying the most likely causative pathogen(s) using blood and sputum culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and paired serology. Our proposed rules do not rely on carriage prevalence data from controls. We herein share our perspective in order to help clinicians and researchers classify and manage childhood pneumonia.
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