ArticleInternational journal of sports physical therapy2021
Shoulder Isokinetic Strength Balance Ratio in Overhead Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in International journal of sports physical therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Isokinetic shoulder rotator strength profiles in elite male Para athletes.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- The Effect of Shoulder Joint Isokinetic Muscle Strength, Endurance and Proprioception on Swimming, Agility and Sprint Performance in Water Polo Players.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2025Article
- Muscle Recruitment and Asymmetry in Bilateral Shoulder Injury Prevention Exercises: A Cross-Sectional Comparison Between Tennis Players and Non-Tennis Players.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- An Assessment of the Ratio between Upper Body Push and Pull Strength in Female and Male Elite Swedish Track and Field Throwers.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Reliability and validity of new isokinetic strength assessment for rotator cuff muscles in a muscle architecture-based position.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Musculoskeletal, Functional and Performance Impairment in Female Overhead Athletes with a Previous Shoulder Injury.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Criterion-Based Rehabilitation and Return to Play in Fast Bowlers Following Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: Recommendations Based on a Detailed Clinical Review.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies have grouped different overhead sports and evaluated together the isokinetic strength of shoulder internal (IR) and external (ER) rotator muscles. However, muscular adaptations could be a consequence of the specific sport, and some strength imbalance between these muscles may exist as a consequence of the muscular demand unique to the sport. Therefore, grouping different overhead sports together may not be adequate. PURPOSE: To compare strength balance ratios between different overhead sports (volleyball, handball, swimming, judo, baseball, softball, functional movements performed at high-intensity interval training, and tennis) with a control athletic group (no overhead group). STUDY
designCross-sectional study.
methodsA total of 237 athletes were submitted to isokinetic shoulder strength tests. The isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torque values of shoulder internal IR and external ER rotator muscles were measured. Conventional (CR) and functional strength ratios (FR) were calculated.
resultsThere were no significant differences between the sports for the CR in the male group. Female softball athletes (90.4±13.6%) had a significantly higher CR than judo (67.3±6.9%), volleyball (74.9±15.9%), and swimming athletes (70.3±8.7%). In the female group, judo athletes had lower FR values (0.76±0.19) than soccer athletes (1.31±0.35), volleyball athletes (1.24±0.27), functional movements performed at high intensity (1.10±0.1), and softball athletes (1.40±0.39). Female handball athletes also had a lower FR (0.99±0.25) than soccer athletes (1.31±0.35) and softball athletes (1.40±0.39). Male handball (0.90±0.23), tennis (0.86±0.30), and judo (0.68±0.22) athletes had lower FR values than soccer athletes (1.20±0.21) and volleyball athletes (1.25±0.28).
conclusionsCR for males may be analyzed together, as there were no significant differences between them. However, for females, the CR for softball athletes should be analyzed individually. As there were several differences between the overhead sports according to the FRs, the authors suggest caution in grouping overhead athletes across multiple sports. These results could have important implications for the design of injury prevention and rehabilitation programs associated with the shoulder joint in overhead sports. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.