ArticleOncology letters2021
Small interfering-high mobility group A2 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in thymic cancer cells via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Article in Oncology letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mink1 regulates spemann organizer cell fate in the xenopus gastrula via Hmga2.Developmental biology · 2023Article
- The Role of microRNA Let-7d in Female Malignancies and Diseases of the Female Reproductive Tract.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- MicroRNA-let-7 Targets HMGA2 to Regulate the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Colon Cancer Cell HCT116.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern · 2025-08-11Author Unresponsive · Concerns/Issues about Data · Duplication of Data · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/4013CF554B0F312217CC4D767E7818
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thymus carcinoma is one of the thymic epithelial neoplasms with high metastasis, which does not have any good treatment at present. High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, such as lung cancer, colon cancer and ovarian cancer and is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of HMGA2 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in thymic cancer cells. IU-TAB-1, A549, HCT-116 and 293T cells were screened by testing the protein expression level of HMGA2 though western blotting and subjected to HMGA2 interference [small interfering (si)-HMGA2]. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected using the Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry and β-catenin expression was observed by immunofluorescence. The levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, Wnt3a, Wnt5a and β-catenin proteins were determined by western blotting. Among the four cell lines tested, IU-TAB-1 cells demonstrated the highest expression of HMGA2 (P<0.05) and were hence selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with the control group (untransfected cells), si-HMGA2 resulted in significantly decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of IU-TAB-1 cells, whereas apoptosis was increased (P<0.05). The protein expression of vimentin, Wnt3a, Wnt5a and β-catenin was significantly decreased by si-HMGA2 compared with the control group (P<0.05), whereas E-cadherin expression was increased (P<0.05). After treatment with si-HMGA2 in combination with Wnt/β-catenin agonists (SKL2001) or inhibitors (XAV-939), EMT was respectively enhanced or inhibited in IU-TAB-1 cells. Overall, si-HMGA2 may attenuate EMT in thymic cancer cells and the mechanism may be related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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