Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34122269›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2021

Social Isolation During COVID-19 Pandemic. Perceived Stress and Containment Measures Compliance Among Polish and Italian Residents.

Jakub Grabowski, Joanna Stepien, Przemyslaw Waszak, Tomasz Michalski, Roberta Meloni, Maja Grabkowska, Aleksandra Macul, Jakub Rojek, Liliana Lorettu, Iwona Sagan and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Social Environment and Attitudes toward COVID-19 Anti-Contagious Measures: An Explorative Study from Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Self-Assessed Personality Traits and Adherence to the COVID-19 Lockdown.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Perceived Stress Levels among Ukrainian Migrant and LGBT+ Minorities in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Jakub GrabowskiDepartment of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Joanna StepienDepartment of Socio-Economic Geography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Przemyslaw WaszakDepartment of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Tomasz MichalskiDepartment of Regional Development, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Roberta MeloniUniversity of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Maja GrabkowskaDepartment of Socio-Economic Geography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Aleksandra MaculAdult Psychiatry Scientific Circle, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Jakub RojekAdult Psychiatry Scientific Circle, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Liliana LorettuPsychiatric Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Iwona SaganDepartment of Socio-Economic Geography, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Leszek BidzanDepartment of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Gdańsk Medical University · PLUniversity of Gdańsk · PLUniversity of Sassari · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn this study, we analyze the association of social isolation in the first phase of the pandemic with perceived stress among residents of Poland and Italy with a look at how these populations adjust to and comply with implemented regulations, guidelines, and restrictions. MATERIALS AND

methodsInternet survey with Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and questions regarding mobility patterns, attitude, and propensity to adjust toward the implemented measures and current health condition was made among Polish and Italian residents (Cronbach's alpha 0.86 and 0.79, respectively). The sample size was 7,108 (6,169 completed questionnaires in Poland and 939 in Italy).

resultsThe Polish group had a higher stress level than the Italian group (mean PSS-10 total score 22,14 vs 17,01, respectively;

conclusionHigher activity level was found to be correlated with lower perceived stress, but the causality is unclear. Difference in adherence to restrictions between Polish and Italian residents suggests that introducing similar lockdown policies worldwide may not be as beneficial as expected. However, due to the applied method of convenience sampling and uneven study groups, one should be careful with generalizing these results.

Indexed as

guideline adherencemental disordersphysical activityphysical distancingquarantineSARS-CoV-2social behaviorspatial mobility

Identifiers

PMID34122269
PMCPMC8194265
OpenAlexW3166655693

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.