ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
Biologics During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Among Women With Rheumatic Diseases: Safety Clinical Evidence on the Road.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rational approach to the prescription of anti-rheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: a product leaflet-based strategy in Italy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy: Lessons from a case series of three patients.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Inconsistent medication recommendations for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases across pregnancy, lactation, and paternal preconception: a guideline-based review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- An Update on Pemphigus Vulgaris in Pregnancy and Neonates: Management Options and Our Clinical-Laboratory Experience.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Secukinumab improves pregnancy outcomes in recurrent spontaneous abortion with T helper 17 cells/T regulatory cells imbalance: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Pregnancy outcomes of non-tumour necrosis factor inhibitor biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs among individuals with autoimmune diseases: a scoping review and proposed framework for reporting outcomes.EULAR rheumatology open · 2025Article
- Optimizing Maternal and Fetal Antibody Exposure and Dosing Regimens During Pregnancy Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Lower Adherence to Breastfeeding Recommendations in Mothers Treated With Antirheumatic and Antidepressant Medications.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2025Article
- A Guide to the Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Pregnancy and Lactation.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Review
- On placental and lactational transfer of IgG-based therapeutic proteins - Current understanding and knowledge gaps from a clinical pharmacology perspective.Clinical and translational science · 2024Review
- Risk Assessment and Optimization for Pregnancy in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Ustekinumab in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Evolving Paradigms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Reversing the Inflammatory Process-25 Years of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia during pregnancy and puerperium: an international multicenter experience.Blood · 2023Article
- Past, Present and (Foreseeable) Future of Biological Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- A Woman with Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Successfully Delivered a Healthy Child with Continuous Administration of Sarilumab Throughout Pregnancy.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Characteristic analysis of adverse reactions of five anti-TNFɑ agents: a descriptive analysis from WHO-VigiAccess.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Biosimilars for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Riding the 2023 Wave [Podcast].Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2023Article
- Therapeutical Targets in Allergic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Females are generally more affected by autoimmune diseases, a fact that underlines the relationship with pregnancy and the safety of anti-rheumatic drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Biologic therapies are increasingly prescribed to treat and maintain remission in a significant number of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The experience with the use of biologics during gestation is extremely lacking because of the observational nature of the available studies and the difficulty in designing proper clinical trials in pregnancy. Among the studied biologics, more information was published on TNFα inhibitors and, in particular, on their potential passage through the placenta and impact on the fetus. Currently, a fragment of anti-TNFα monoclonal IgG, certolizumab pegol, is considered safe with almost no placental transfer. Subsequent observations are suggesting a comparable safety for the soluble TNFα receptor etanercept. Another biologic, eculizumab, the anti-C5a antibody used to treat complement-mediated microangiopathies, is also considered safe due to the unique engineered IgG2/4κ formulation that limits its passage through the placental barrier. Still, long-term data about children born to women treated with biologics in pregnancy are not attainable. Data on breastfeeding are currently available for several biologics. This article reviews the literature available about which drugs are considered safe during pregnancy and lactation, which are not, and on future prospects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.