Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34121661›Full record

ArticleeLife2021

Identical sequences found in distant genomes reveal frequent horizontal transfer across the bacterial domain.

Michael Sheinman, Ksenia Arkhipova, Peter F Arndt, Bas E Dutilh, Rutger Hermsen, Florian Massip

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. The defensome of prokaryotes in aquifers.Nature communications · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Michael Sheinman *Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3717-1722
Ksenia Arkhipova *Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Peter F ArndtMax Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1762-9836
Bas E DutilhTheoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2329-7890
Rutger Hermsen *Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4633-4877
Florian Massip *Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5855-0935
Utrecht University · NLMax Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics · DEUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 · FR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an essential force in microbial evolution. Despite detailed studies on a variety of systems, a global picture of HGT in the microbial world is still missing. Here, we exploit that HGT creates long identical DNA sequences in the genomes of distant species, which can be found efficiently using alignment-free methods. Our pairwise analysis of 93,481 bacterial genomes identified 138,273 HGT events. We developed a model to explain their statistical properties as well as estimate the transfer rate between pairs of taxa. This reveals that long-distance HGT is frequent: our results indicate that HGT between species from different phyla has occurred in at least 8% of the species. Finally, our results confirm that the function of sequences strongly impacts their transfer rate, which varies by more than three orders of magnitude between different functional categories. Overall, we provide a comprehensive view of HGT, illuminating a fundamental process driving bacterial evolution.

Indexed as

BacteriaEvolution, MolecularArchaeaGene Transfer, HorizontalGenome, ArchaealGenome, BacterialGenomicsSequence AlignmentSequence Analysis, DNAalignment-free methodantibiotic resistancecomputational biologygenome evolutionhorizontal gene transferinfectious diseasemicrobiologypower lawsystems biology

Identifiers

PMID34121661
PMCPMC8270642
OpenAlexW3172496429

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.