Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34121497›Full record

ArticleThe neuroradiology journal2021

Edge-enhancing gradient echo with multi-image co-registration and averaging (EDGE-MICRA) for targeting thalamic centromedian and parafascicular nuclei.

Erik H Middlebrooks, Lela Okromelidze, Chen Lin, Ayushi Jain, Erin Westerhold, Anthony Ritaccio, Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, Vivek Gupta, Sanjeet S Grewal

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The neuroradiology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Neurostimulation in children with drug-resistant epilepsy: strategies in subcortical targeting and systematic review of the evidence.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Biomarkers for Epilepsy Deep Brain Stimulation.Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Erik H MiddlebrooksDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA.
Lela OkromelidzeDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1296-0522
Chen LinDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA.
Ayushi JainDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA.
Erin WesterholdDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA.
Anthony RitaccioDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA.
Alfredo Quiñones-HinojosaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA.
Vivek GuptaDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA.
Sanjeet S GrewalDepartment of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA.
Mayo Clinic in Florida · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeDeep brain stimulation of the thalamus is an effective treatment for multiple neurological disorders. The centromedian and parafascicular nuclei are recently emerging targets for multiple conditions, such as epilepsy and Tourette syndrome; however, their limited visibility on conventional magnetic resonance imaging sequences has been a major obstacle. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a high-resolution and high-contrast targeting sequence for centromedian-parafascicular deep brain stimulation using a recently described magnetic resonance imaging sequence, three-dimensional edge-enhancing gradient echo.

methodsThe three-dimensional edge-enhancing gradient echo sequence was performed on a normal volunteer for a total of six acquisitions. Multi-image co-registration and averaging was performed by first co-registering each of the six scans and then averaging to produce an edge-enhancing gradient echo-multi-image co-registration and averaging scan. The averaging was also performed for two, three, four and five scans to assess the change in the signal-to-noise ratio and identify the ideal balance of image quality and scan time.

resultsThe edge-enhancing gradient echo-multi-image co-registration and averaging scan allowed clear boundary delineation of the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei. The signal-to-noise ratio increased as a function of increasing scan number, but the added gain was small beyond four scans for the imaging parameters used in this study.

conclusionsThe recently described three-dimensional edge-enhancing gradient echo sequence provides an easily implementable approach, using widely available magnetic resonance imaging technology without complex post-processing techniques, to delineate centromedian and parafascicular nuclei for deep brain stimulation targeting.

Indexed as

Deep Brain StimulationEpilepsyHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingSignal-To-Noise RatioThalamic NucleiThalamuscentromedian nucleusdeep brain stimulationEpilepsyparafascicular nucleus

Identifiers

PMID34121497
PMCPMC8649196
OpenAlexW3167365635

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.