ArticleThe EMBO journal2021
Alarmin S100A9 restricts retroviral infection by limiting reverse transcription in human dendritic cells.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Signatures of HIV-Induced Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Human Cerebral Organoids: Identification of Therapeutic Targets for NeuroHIV.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Signatures of Immune Suppression and Cellular Dysfunction Distinguish Latent from Transcriptionally Active HIV-1 Infection in Dendritic Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Calprotectin Levels in HIV-Infected Patients: Correlations With Disease Progression and Intestinal Inflammation.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic profile induced by calcitriol in CaSki human cervical cancer cell line.PloS one · 2025Article
- S100A9: The Unusual Suspect Connecting Viral Infection and Inflammation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Review
- The Autophagy Nucleation Factor ATG9 Forms Nanoclusters with the HIV-1 Receptor DC-SIGN and Regulates Early Antiviral Autophagy in Human Dendritic Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- DNA damage repair kinase DNA-PK and cGAS synergize to induce cancer-related inflammation in glioblastoma.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Single-cell resolution reveals RalA GTPase expanding hematopoietic stem cells and facilitating of BCR-ABL1-driven leukemogenesis in a CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing mouse model.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Usutu Virus escapes langerin-induced restriction to productively infect human Langerhans cells, unlike West Nile virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Short Communication: S100A8 and S100A9, Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Other Diseases, Suppress HIV Replication in Primary Macrophages.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- Alarmin S100A9 restricts retroviral infection by limiting reverse transcription in human dendritic cells.The EMBO journal · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) subsets, like Langerhans cells (LC), are immune cells involved in pathogen sensing. They express specific antimicrobial cellular factors that are able to restrict infection and limit further pathogen transmission. Here, we identify the alarmin S100A9 as a novel intracellular antiretroviral factor expressed in human monocyte-derived and skin-derived LC. The intracellular expression of S100A9 is decreased upon LC maturation and inversely correlates with enhanced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of LC. Furthermore, silencing of S100A9 in primary human LC relieves HIV-1 restriction while ectopic expression of S100A9 in various cell lines promotes intrinsic resistance to both HIV-1 and MLV infection by acting on reverse transcription. Mechanistically, the intracellular expression of S100A9 alters viral capsid uncoating and reverse transcription. S100A9 also shows potent inhibitory effect against HIV-1 and MMLV reverse transcriptase (RTase) activity in vitro in a divalent cation-dependent manner. Our findings uncover an unexpected intracellular function of the human alarmin S100A9 in regulating antiretroviral immunity in Langerhans cells.
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