ArticleJournal of radiation research2021
Incidence and risk factors for pneumonitis among patients with lung cancer who received immune checkpoint inhibitors after palliative thoracic radiotherapy.
Article in Journal of radiation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidences of pneumonitis associated with the combination of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Serial KL-6 Changes in PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Prospective Pilot Study.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Risk-adapted use of thoracic radiotherapy in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter prognostic model study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review of Pneumonitis Following Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Radiotherapy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The application of bronchoscopy in the assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis severity and recurrence.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Risk factors for severe immune-related pneumonitis after nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.Thoracic cancer · 2024Article
- Global research landscape and trends of cancer radiotherapy plus immunotherapy: A bibliometric analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Advancing the Role of Proton Therapy for Spine Metastases Through Diagnostic Scan-Based Planning.International journal of particle therapy · 2023Article
- Clinical evidence for synergy between immunotherapy and radiotherapy (SITAR).Journal of medical imaging and radiation oncology · 2022Review
- Safety of thoracic radiotherapy after PD-(L)1 inhibitor treatment in patients with lung cancer.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- Safety and Tolerability of Metastasis-Directed Radiation Therapy in the Era of Evolving Systemic, Immune, and Targeted Therapies.Advances in radiation oncologyReview
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence and risk factors for pneumonitis when immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are combined with palliative thoracic radiotherapy (RT) for lung cancer. We retrospectively evaluated 29 patients with lung cancer who received ICIs after palliative thoracic RT (30 Gy in 10 fractions). Their ICIs were pembrolizumab (n = 17), nivolumab (n = 8) and atezolizumab (n = 4). Median follow-up period was 10 months. The median interval between starting RT and starting ICI was 25 days. Pneumonitis events were grade 1 (n = 10; 34%), grade 2 (n = 4; 14%) and grade 3 (n = 3; 10%). Obstructive pneumonia was significantly associated with grade ≥ 2 pneumonitis (P = 0.036). Age, sex, ICI agent, interval between RT and ICI and history of ICI before RT were not associated with grade ≥ 2 pneumonitis. Tumor volume; Brinkman index; dosimetric factors, such as lung V5, V10, V20, V30 and mean lung dose (MLD); lactate dehydrogenase; and C-reactive protein did not significantly differ between the grade ≤ 1 and grade ≥ 2 pneumonitis groups. Levels of sialylated carbohydrate antigen KL-6 were evaluated in 27 patients before RT; they significantly differed between patients with grade ≤ 2 pneumonitis (mean: 431 U/ml) and those with grade ≥ 3 pneumonitis (mean: 958 U/ml; P < 0.001). Patients who receive ICI after palliative thoracic RT should be carefully followed-up, especially those who have had obstructive pneumonia or high KL-6 levels.
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