Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34120835›Full record

Trial reportJournal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation2021

Effect of Dietary Inulin Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Derived Metabolites of Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Pilot Study.

Annabel Biruete, Tzu-Wen L Cross, Jacob M Allen, Brandon M Kistler, Henriette de Loor, Pieter Evenepoel, George C Fahey, Laura Bauer, Kelly S Swanson, Kenneth R Wilund

Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Consumption of SolnulNutrients · 2023
    Trial
  9. Effect of Dietary Inulin Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Derived Metabolites of Individuals Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Pilot Study.Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation · 2021
    Trial
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Nutrients · 2025
    Article
  17. Homemade formulas for nutrition support in chronic kidney disease: A narrative review of the opportunity for education, research, and innovation.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2025
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Annabel BirueteDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Tzu-Wen L CrossDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Jacob M AllenDepartment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
Brandon M KistlerDepartment of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana.
Henriette de LoorKU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium.
Pieter EvenepoelKU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Nephrology, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
George C FaheyDepartment of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
Laura BauerDepartment of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
Kelly S SwansonDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
Kenneth R WilundDivision of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Electronic address: kwilund@illinois.edu.
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · USKU Leuven · BEBall State University · US

Funding

Quality Assurance and Quality Control Project Management: Improving Submissions and Study Conduct in the Human Subjects Research Prior Approval ProcessUL1TR002529 · NCATS · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI MOE, SHARON M, WIEHE, SARAH ELIZABETH · 2018 to 2022
$27.2M
Indiana University Kidney Training Program (IU-KTP)T32DK120524 · NIDDK · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI MOE, SHARON M · 2019 to 2023
$1.3M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002529NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK120524
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe prebiotic fiber inulin has been studied in individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD) due to its ability to reduce gut microbiota-derived uremic toxins. However, studies examining the effects of inulin on the gut microbiota and derived metabolites are limited in these patients. We aimed to assess the impact of a 4-week supplementation of inulin on the gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolites of patients on HD. DESIGN AND

methodsIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, twelve HD patients (55 ± 10 y, 50% male, 58% Black American, BMI 31.6 ± 8.9 kg/m

resultsAt baseline, factors that explained the gut microbiota variability included BMI category and type of phosphate binder prescribed. Inulin increased the relative abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and its genus Akkermansia (P interaction = 0.045). Inulin and maltodextrin resulted in an increased relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and its genus Bacteroides (P time = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Both treatments increased the fecal acetate and propionate (P time = 0.032 and 0.027, respectively), and there was a trend toward increased fecal butyrate (P time = 0.06). Inulin did not reduce fecal p-cresol or indoles, or plasma concentrations of p-cresyl sulfate or indoxyl sulfate.

conclusionsA 4-week supplementation of inulin did not lead to major shifts in the fecal microbiota and gut microbiota-derived metabolites. This may be due to high variability among participants and an unexpected increase in fecal excretion of SCFA with maltodextrin. Larger studies are needed to determine the effects of prebiotic fibers on the gut microbiota and clinical outcomes to justify their use in patients on HD.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeInulinCross-Over StudiesFemaleHumansMalePilot ProjectsPrebioticsRenal DialysisUremic ToxinsInulinPrebioticsUremic Toxins

Identifiers

PMID34120835
PMCPMC8403151
OpenAlexW3167406928

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.