Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34120719›Full record

ArticleMethods in enzymology2021

Selection and validation of orthogonal tRNA/synthetase pairs for the encoding of unnatural amino acids across kingdoms.

Grace D Galles, Daniel T Infield, Ryan A Mehl, Christopher A Ahern

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Methods in enzymology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Leveraging relaxation-optimizedNature chemistry · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Grace D GallesDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States; Unnatural Protein Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
Daniel T InfieldDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States.
Ryan A MehlUnnatural Protein Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
Christopher A AhernDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States. Electronic address: christopher-ahern@uiowa.edu.
Oregon State University · USUniversity of Iowa · US

Funding

Chemical Biology of Voltage-Gated Sodium and Potassium ChannelsR01GM106569 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI AHERN, CHRISTOPHER A · 2013 to 2022
$2.7M
Development of an improved core technology for efficient genetic code expansion in biomedical researchR01GM131168 · NIGMS · OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY · PI MEHL, RYAN A · 2019 to 2021
$1.1M
The Facility for Atomic MutagenesisR24NS104617 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI AHERN, CHRISTOPHER A · 2018 to 2021
$1.0M
Chemical Biology of CFTR RegulationF32HL149184 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI INFIELD, DANIEL T · 2019 to 2021
$136k
NHLBI NIH HHS F32 HL149184NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM106569NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM131168NINDS NIH HHS R24 NS104617
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As an increasing number of protein structures are resolved at atomic and near-atomic resolution, conventional amino acid mutagenesis may be insufficient to test many mechanistic hypotheses. As a result, the development of new tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) pairs has become an important tool for determining intricate molecular interactions and understanding protein structures. This chapter describes in detail the directed evolution of new tRNA/aaRS pairs in Escherichia coli for the incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAA). Section 1 describes the selection of new tRNA/aaRS pairs in E. coli. Section 2 details the use of a synthetase to incorporate an ncAA into a mammalian cell line, and Sections 1 and 2 both include methods on the determination of synthetase efficacy and fidelity.

Indexed as

Amino Acyl-tRNA SynthetasesAmino AcidsAnimalsEscherichia coliRNA, TransferAmino AcidsAmino Acyl-tRNA SynthetasesRNA, TransferAmino acyl-tRNA synthetase engineeringDirected evolutionGenetic code expansionNon-canonical amino acidsSynthetic biology

Identifiers

PMID34120719
PMCPMC12758591
OpenAlexW3153682664

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.