ArticleParasitology2021
Absence of
Article in Parasitology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Monitoring of cryptosporidiosis: a shift in circulatingEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal pathogens in paediatric patients with diarrhoea during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a multicentre molecular-based prospective study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- A review of recentCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Review
- Microphysiological gut-on-chip enables extendedFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on incidence of gastrointestinal protozoal infections in Mexico and their association with environmental and socioeconomic risk factors.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Marked increase in cryptosporidiosis cases, Spain, 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- A review and analysis of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in New Zealand.Parasitology · 2023Review
- Changing Molecular Profiles of Human Cryptosporidiosis Cases in Scotland as a Result of the Coronavirus Disease, COVID-19 Pandemic.British journal of biomedical science · 2023Article
- Diagnosis of protozoa diarrhoea in Campylobacter patients increases markedly with molecular techniques.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- A novel, stain-free, natural auto-fluorescent signal, Sig M, identified from cytometric and transcriptomic analysis of infectivity ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Dairy Cattle Density and Temporal Patterns of Human Campylobacteriosis and Cryptosporidiosis in New Zealand.EcoHealth · 2022Article
- Uncovering the genetic diversity of Giardia intestinalis in isolates from outbreaks in New Zealand.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Article
- Molecular Detection ofVeterinary sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) nonpharmaceutical interventions have proven effective control measures for a range of respiratory illnesses throughout the world. These measures, which include isolation, stringent border controls, physical distancing and improved hygiene also have effects on other human pathogens, including parasitic enteric diseases such as cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium infections in humans are almost entirely caused by two species: C. hominis, which is primarily transmitted from human to human, and Cryptosporidium parvum, which is mainly zoonotic. By monitoring Cryptosporidium species and subtype families in human cases of cryptosporidiosis before and after the introduction of Covid-19 control measures in New Zealand, we found C. hominis was completely absent after the first months of 2020 and has remained so until the beginning of 2021. Nevertheless, C. parvum has followed its typical transmission pattern and continues to be widely reported. We conclude that ~7 weeks of isolation during level 3 and 4 lockdown period interrupted the human to human transmission of C. hominis leaving only the primarily zoonotic transmission pathway used by C. parvum. Secondary anthroponotic transmission of C. parvum remains possible among close contacts of zoonotic cases. Ongoing 14-day quarantine measures for new arrivals to New Zealand have likely suppressed new incursions of C. hominis from overseas. Our findings suggest that C. hominis may be controlled or even eradicated through nonpharmaceutical interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.