ArticleBMC public health2021
Prevalence and factors associated with major depression among female sex workers in post-conflict Gulu district: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, risk and resilience factors of mental health conditions among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sex Work Stigma as a Partial Mediator Between Social Support and Depressive Symptoms Among Vulnerable Women Engaged in Sex Work in Southern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Depressive symptoms, alcohol, and drug dependence among female sex workers in Kisumu, Kenya: A cross-sectional study.African journal of reproductive health · 2026Article
- Depression and quality of life among Thai and migrant sex workers in Thailand: a cross-sectional study.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- The prevalence and factors associated with common mental health conditions among female sex workers in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Depression and correlates of suicidal thoughts among mothers who are female sex workers in three low- and middle-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional application of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The impact of self-stigmatization on the mental health of female sex workers (FSWs).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Optimising the public health benefits of sex work regulation in Senegal: Results from qualitative interviews with policy stakeholders.PloS one · 2024Article
- Victimization among adolescents of female sex workers: findings from the children of at-risk parents (CARP) study in Uganda.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Factors associated with the uptake of long-acting reversible contraception among female sex workers in post-conflict Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2022Article
- Client-perpetrated gender-based violence among female sex workers in conflict-affected Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis use among female sex workers in Gulu city, Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFemale sex workers operating in conflict-affected settings could be at a much greater risk of major depression. However, the epidemiology of major depression in this population remains understudied. We aimed to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with major depression among FSWs in the post-conflict Gulu district in Northern Uganda.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 300 randomly selected adult female sex workers in Gulu. We utilized a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, embedded with MINI 7.0.0, to gather information from each participant through face-to-face interviews. We collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, sex-work-related characteristics, alcohol and drug use, HIV status, and major depression. Then, data were entered into EPI INFO 7 and analyzed using logistic regression with the aid of STATA 14.0.
resultsThe mean age (SD) of the study participants was 26.4 (± 6) years, 57.7% attained primary education, 51.7% never married, and 42.1% were living with HIV. The prevalence of major depression among FSWs in the district was 47.7%. In addition, the majority of the FSWs with major depression (91.0%) had either severe (50.4%) or moderate (40.6%) depressive symptoms. Independently, life stress (adjusted OR = 10.8, 95%CI: 5.67-20.57), living with HIV (adjusted OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.25-4.05), verbal abuse (adjusted OR = 2.27, 95%CI: 1.27-4.08), and older age (adjusted OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.12) all showed positive associations with major depression. Conversely, provision of sexual services from clients' homes (adjusted OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.25-0.97), use of a non-barrier modern family planning method (adjusted OR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.24-0.82), and daily intake of alcohol (adjusted OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.28-0.88) all showed negative associations with major depression.
conclusionsThere is a high prevalence of major depression among female sex workers in post-conflict Gulu. The high prevalence of major depression underscores the need for government and development partners to urgently and adequately address the mental health needs of female sex workers.
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