ArticleAge and ageing2021
Frailty trajectories in three longitudinal studies of aging: Is the level or the rate of change more predictive of mortality?
Article in Age and ageing, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Correlation of frailty assessment metrics in one-year follow-up of aged care residents: a sub-study of a randomised controlled trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Trial
- Association between daily step counts and frailty trajectory classes in lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: a prospective longitudinal study.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Association of plasma growth differentiation factor-15 with the frailty phenotype - Evidence from the COGFRAIL study.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2026Article
- Frailty, polypharmacy, deprescribing, and 23-hour activity: insights from a mouse model.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Utility of biological aging markers for mortality risk stratification in community-dwelling older adults: insights from the Mr. OS and Ms. OS (Hong Kong) cohort.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Projected trends in frailty prevalence and associated health service use and costs in the over-50s in England, 2025 to 2040: a simulation modelling study.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Epidemiological approaches to refine biomarkers of aging.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Association of frailty with dementia and the impact of frailty on antihypertensive treatment protection against dementia in older hypertensive adults.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Association of healthy lifestyle patterns with changes in physical frailty and subjective cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- A survey on the trajectory of frailty in the middle-aged and elderly population in the Chengdu community: a retrospective observational study.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- A Longitudinal Study of the Bidirectional Temporal Dynamics Between Body Mass Index and Biological Aging.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Long-term smoking contributes to aging frailty and inflammatory response.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Identification of Frailty Clusters Using Cross-Sectional Frailty and Frailty Trajectory: Cohort of Heart Failure Veterans.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Association of 3-year change in frailty index with risk of all-cause mortality among older Chinese population: a national cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Epigenetic Aging and Frailty From Midlife to Old Age.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- The Frailty Trajectory's Additional Edge Over the Frailty Index: Retrospective Cohort Study of Veterans With Heart Failure.JMIR aging · 2024Article
- Age-related behavioral resilience in smartphone touchscreen interaction dynamics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Effects from medications on functional biomarkers of aging in three longitudinal studies of aging in Sweden.Aging cell · 2024Article
- Interplay of body mass index and metabolic syndrome: association with physiological age from midlife to late-life.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Reliability of the Frailty Index Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundfrailty shows an upward trajectory with age, and higher levels increase the risk of mortality. However, it is less known whether the shape of frailty trajectories differs by age at death or whether the rate of change in frailty is associated with mortality.
objectivesto assess population frailty trajectories by age at death and to analyse whether the current level of the frailty index (FI) i.e. the most recent measurement or the person-specific rate of change is more predictive of mortality.
methods3,689 individuals from three population-based cohorts with up to 15 repeated measurements of the Rockwood frailty index were analysed. The FI trajectories were assessed by stratifying the sample into four age-at-death groups: <70, 70-80, 80-90 and >90 years. Generalised survival models were used in the survival analysis.
resultsthe FI trajectories by age at death showed that those who died at <70 years had a steadily increasing trajectory throughout the 40 years before death, whereas those who died at the oldest ages only accrued deficits from age ~75 onwards. Higher level of FI was independently associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.47-1.91), whereas the rate of change was no longer significant after accounting for the current FI level. The effect of the FI level did not weaken with time elapsed since the last measurement.
conclusionsFrailty trajectories differ as a function of age-at-death category. The current level of FI is a stronger marker for risk stratification than the rate of change.
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