ArticleInternational journal of hygiene and environmental health2021
Characterizing exposures to flame retardants, dioxins, and furans among firefighters responding to controlled residential fires.
Article in International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urinary biomarkers of PAHs, VOCs, OPEs, and metal(loid)s in firefighters responding in the wildland urban interface (WUI).International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Integrated FT-IR and SPME-GC-MS Evaluation of Toxic Fire Effluents from Plastics Containing Brominated Flame Retardants.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Descriptive analysis of exposure levels of organophosphate esters among firefighters, paramedics, and office workers.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
- Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Occupational Exposures, and Thyroid Function Among US and Canadian Firefighters: A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- A Proposal to Permanently Ban Flame Retardant Chemicals to Meet California's Flammability Standard for Upholstered Furniture.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Breathing hazards: Perspective on the adverse health effects of organophosphate flame retardants.Journal of hazardous materials advances · 2025Article
- Addressing the need for individual-level exposure monitoring for firefighters using silicone samplers.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Occupational Exposure of On-Shift Ottawa Firefighters to Flame Retardants and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.Toxics · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of Organophosphate and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants of American Workers and Associations with Inhalation and Dermal Exposures.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Article
- Tris(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate - Determination of bis(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate in urine by LC-APCI-ESI-MS/MS: Biomonitoring Method - Translation of the German version from 2024.The MAK collection for occupational health and safety · 2024Article
- Silicone passive sampling used to identify novel dermal chemical exposures of firefighters and assess PPE innovations.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2023Article
- Mental health of UK firefighters.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Levels of organophosphate flame retardants and their metabolites among 391 volunteers in Taiwan: difference between adults and children.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Hierarchy of contamination control in the fire service: Review of exposure control options to reduce cancer risk.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2022Review
- Characterizing firefighter's exposure to over 130 SVOCs using silicone wristbands: A pilot study comparing on-duty and off-duty exposures.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Occupational Exposure in Firefighters Based on Self-Reported Survey Data.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Organophosphorus Flame Retardant TDCPP Displays Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Risks in Human Liver Cells.Cells · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Firefighters may encounter items containing flame retardants (FRs), including organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), during structure fires. This study utilized biological monitoring to characterize FR exposures in 36 firefighters assigned to interior, exterior, and overhaul job assignments, before and after responding to controlled residential fire scenarios. Firefighters provided four urine samples (pre-fire and 3-h, 6-h, and 12-h post-fire) and two serum samples (pre-fire and approximately 23-h post-fire). Urine samples were analyzed for OPFR metabolites, while serum samples were analyzed for PBDEs, brominated and chlorinated furans, and chlorinated dioxins. Urinary concentrations of diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), a metabolite of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), a metabolite of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), and bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEtP), a metabolite of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), increased from pre-fire to 3-hr and 6-hr post-fire collection, but only the DPhP increase was statistically significant at a 0.05 level. The 3-hr and 6-hr post-fire concentrations of DPhP and BDCPP, as well as the pre-fire concentration of BDCPP, were statistically significantly higher than general population levels. BDCPP pre-fire concentrations were statistically significantly higher in firefighters who previously participated in a scenario (within the past 12 days) than those who were responding to their first scenario as part of the study. Similarly, firefighters previously assigned to interior job assignments had higher pre-fire concentrations of BDCPP than those previously assigned to exterior job assignments. Pre-fire serum concentrations of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (23478-PeCDF), a known human carcinogen, were also statistically significantly above the general population levels. Of the PBDEs quantified, only decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) pre- and post-fire serum concentrations were statistically significantly higher than the general population. These results suggest firefighters absorbed certain FRs while responding to fire scenarios.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.