ReviewJournal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia2021
Intracerebral hemorrhage in COVID-19: A narrative review.
Review in Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and spontaneous spinal hemorrhage: a systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of COVID-19 on clinical outcomes in people undergoing neurosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- In-hospital case-fatality after intracerebral hemorrhage in southern Iran: a single-center retrospective study.BMC neurology · 2026Observational
- Fatal Spontaneous Rebleeding of Subdural Haematoma Following COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhages in the Post-COVID-19 Period without Classical Risk Factors: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.Journal of clinical practice and research · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and stroke in women: impact on clinical, psychosocial and research aspects.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Review
- COVID-19 Infection Is Associated With Poor Outcomes in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Observational
- Persistent intracranial hyper-inflammation in ruptured cerebral aneurysm after COVID-19: case report and review of the literature.BMC neurology · 2024Review
- Article
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Child with Renal Artery Stenosis and COVID-19.Acta medica Philippina · 2024Article
- Evolving Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Waves in a Romanian Hospital Setting.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Neurological complications and effects of COVID-19: Symptoms and conceivable mechanisms.Brain hemorrhages · 2023Review
- A 14-year-old boy with multiple trauma and bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage due to coronavirus disease 2019: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Neuroprotective potentials of ferulic acid against intracerebral hemorrhage COVID-19 through using network pharmacology approach and molecular docking analysis.Current research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Neurological manifestation in COVID-19 disease with neuroimaging studies.American journal of neurodegenerative disease · 2023Review
- Age and sex-specific stroke epidemiology in COVID-19.Frontiers in stroke · 2023Article
- The Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Comorbidity and the Efficacy of Enoxaparin in Decreasing the Mortality Rate in Them: Single Egyptian Center Report.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Events Related to COVID-19 Coagulopathy and Hypoxemia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and the central nervous system: Emerging insights into hemorrhage-associated neurological consequences and therapeutic considerations.Ageing research reviews · 2022Review
- Acute Neurologic Complications of COVID-19 and Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19.Critical care clinics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic affects the worldwide healthcare system and our understanding of this disease grows rapidly. Although COVID-19 is a mainly respiratory disease, neurological manifestations are not uncommon. The aim of this review is to report on the etiology, clinical profile, location, and outcome of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and COVID-19. This review includes 36 studies examining ICH in the clinical presentation of COVID-19. Overall, 217 cases with intracranial hemorrhage, of which 188 ICHs, were reported. Generally, a low incidence of both primary and secondary ICH was found in 8 studies [106 (0.25%) out of 43,137 hospitalized patients with COVID-19]. Available data showed a median age of 58 years (range: 52-68) and male sex 64%, regarding 36 and 102 patients respectively. Furthermore, 75% of the patients were on prior anticoagulation treatment, 52% had a history of arterial hypertension, and 61% were admitted in intensive care unit. Location of ICH in deep structures/basal ganglia was ascertained in only 7 cases making arterial hypertension an improbable etiopathogenetic mechanism. Mortality was calculated at 52.7%. Disease related pathophysiologic mechanisms support the hypothesis that SARS-CoV2 can cause ICH, however typical ICH risk factors such as anticoagulation treatment, or admission to ICU should also be considered as probable causes. Physicians should strongly suspect the possibility of ICH in individuals with severe COVID-19 admitted to ICU and treated with anticoagulants. It is not clear whether ICH is related directly to COVID-19 or reflects expected comorbidity and/or complications observed in severely ill patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.