ArticleBMC public health2021
HIV and cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa: Demographic and Health Survey data for 4 countries.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes among people living with HIV in South Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Non-Communicable Diseases in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Their Risk Factors.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- The prevalence of comorbidities and differences in noncommunicable diseases and nonrandom associations of comorbidities between HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals in Guangdong Province, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: the current profile, recent advances, gaps, and priorities.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Review
- Convergence of HIV and non-communicable disease epidemics: geospatial mapping of the unmet health needs in an HIV hyperendemic community in South Africa.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Article
- Convergence of HIV and non-communicable disease epidemics: Geospatial mapping of the unmet health needs in a HIV Hyperendemic South African community.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Integrating hypertension and HIV care in Namibia: A quality improvement collaborative approach.PloS one · 2022Article
- Sociodemographic and Clinical Predictors of Weight Gain During the First Year of Antiretroviral Therapy among Adults Living With HIV in Urban Tanzania.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
- Geospatial assessment of the convergence of communicable and non-communicable diseases in South Africa.Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidityArticle
- High Burden of Cardiac Abnormalities in Adults with HIV in Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInvestigate the relationship between two common cardiovascular diseases and HIV in adults living in sub-Saharan Africa using population data provided through the Demographic and Health Survey.
methodsData for four sub-Saharan countries were used. All adults asked questions regarding diagnosis of HIV, diabetes, and hypertension were included in the sample totaling 5356 in Lesotho, 3294 in Namibia, 9917 in Senegal, and 1051 in South Africa. Logistic models were run for each country separately, with self-reported diabetes as the first outcome and self-reported hypertension as the second outcome and HIV status as the primary independent variable. Models were adjusted for age, gender, rural/urban residence and BMI. Complex survey design allowed weighting to the population.
resultsPrevalence of self-reported diabetes ranged from 3.8% in Namibia to 0.5% in Senegal. Prevalence of self-reported hypertension ranged from 22.9% in Namibia to 0.6% in Senegal. In unadjusted models, individuals with HIV in Lesotho were 2 times more likely to have self-reported diabetes (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.08-3.73), however the relationship lost significance after adjustment. Individuals with HIV were less likely to have self-reported diabetes after adjustment in Namibia (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.72) and less likely to have self-reported hypertension after adjustment in Lesotho (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.83). Relationships were not significant for Senegal or South Africa. DISCUSSION: HIV did not serve as a risk factor for self-reported cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa during the years included in this study. However, given the growing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in the region, and the high prevalence of undiagnosed cardiovascular disease, it will be important to continue to track and monitor cardiovascular disease at the population level and in individuals with and without HIV.
conclusionsThe odds of self-reported diabetes in individuals with HIV was high in Lesotho and low in Namibia, while the odds of self-reported hypertension in individuals with HIV was low across all 4 countries included in this study. Programs are needed to target individuals that need to manage multiple diseases at once and should consider increasing access to cardiovascular disease management programs for older adults, individuals with high BMI, women, and those living in urban settings.
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