ReviewPediatric radiology2021
Ultrasound contrast agents: microbubbles made simple for the pediatric radiologist.
Review in Pediatric radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Type, severity, frequency and management of adverse reactions associated with ultrasound contrast agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European radiology · 2026Pooled it
- Acoustically driven micro/nanobubbles: from fundamental mechanisms to biomedical applications.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- Assessment of Cavitation From DEFINITY and DEFINITY RT.Ultrasound in medicine & biology · 2026Article
- Umbilical vein recanalization identified on contrast-enhanced ultrasound in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma during TACE assessment.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Phosphorescence lifetime microscopy and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging revealed strong left-to-right intraventricular shunt in anesthetized Xenopus laevis.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2026Article
- Bubbles in the barely born-contrast-enhanced ultrasound in neonates: a single-center experience.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Enhanced Drug Delivery in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: A New Therapeutic Strategy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- A Lung-Targeted Carrier of Carbon Monoxide for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Contrast-induced acute kidney injury and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Alteration of Essential Cell Function by Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Cavitation.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Clinical Utility of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Urology: A Multisystem Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Echo contrast medium: How the use of contrast echocardiography (ultrasound contrast agents) can improve patient care.World journal of methodology · 2025Review
- Optimizing TACE for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Impact of Intra-Arterial Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Focused Ultrasound: Noninvasive Image-Guided Therapy.Investigative radiology · 2025Review
- Enhanced diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in liver space-occupying lesions: superior sensitivity and specificity over conventional ultrasound.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Focused ultrasound in modern medicine: bioengineering interfaces, molecular effects, and clinical breakthroughs.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Solid Renal Lesions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Improving sub-pixel accuracy in ultrasound localization microscopy using supervised and self-supervised deep learning.Measurement science & technology · 2024Article
- Radiation combined with ultrasound and microbubbles: A potential novel strategy for cancer treatment.Zeitschrift fur medizinische Physik · 2023Review
- The Use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Evaluation of the Neonatal Brain.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to provide prompt, real-time, easily accessible and radiation-free diagnostic assessments makes ultrasound (US) one of the most versatile imaging modalities. The introduction and development of stable microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) in the early 1990s improved visualization of complex vascular structures, overcoming some of the limitations of B-mode and Doppler imaging. UCAs have been used extensively in the adult population to visualize vasculature and to evaluate perfusion and blood flow dynamics in organs and lesions. Since the first observations that air bubbles within a liquid can generate a strong echogenic effect, to the early makeshift approaches with agitated saline, and later to the development of industrially produced and federally approved UCAs, these agents have evolved to become both clinically and commercially viable. Perhaps the most exciting potential of UCAs is being uncovered by current research that explores the use of these agents for molecular imaging and therapeutic applications. As contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) becomes more widely available, it is important for pediatric radiologists to understand the physics of the interaction between the US signal and the microbubbles in order to properly utilize them for the highest level of diagnostic imaging and interventions. In this article we introduce the composition of UCAs and the physics of their behavior in US, and we offer a brief history of their development over the last decades.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.