Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Time to Viral Rebound After Interruption of Modern Antiretroviral Therapies.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Time to HIV viral rebound and frequency of post-treatment control after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy: an individual data-based meta-analysis of 24 prospective studies.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Budigalimab, an anti-PD-1 inhibitor, for people living with HIV-1: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1b study.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Participant Perspectives and Experiences Following an Intensively Monitored Antiretroviral Pause in the United States: Results from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5345 Biomarker Study.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Trial
- Design of an immunogen containing multidimensionally conserved and immunogenic parts of the HIV proteome.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Joint Modeling of Longitudinal Data and Potentially Informative Visiting Process to Dynamically Predict Future Visit Times.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- CD8ɑ+ cells suppress SIV replication without the development of mutations within MHC class-I-restricted epitopes during post-treatment control.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- The HIV-1 restriction factor RPRD2 does not inhibit transcription of HIV-1 or endogenous retroelements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Antigen Stimulation Reactivates HIV-1 Proviruses Despite Integration in Repressive Chromatin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characterization of HIV humoral immunity during analytical treatment interruption.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2026Article
- Autologous neutralizing antibodies and polyfunctional T cells contribute to long-term HIV-1 post-intervention control.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Early immune responses anticipate HIV rebound and precede viral control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Breaking into HIV-1's Epigenetic Vault: Cure Strategies to Eliminate the Viral Reservoir.Viruses · 2026Review
- Initial sites of SIV rebound after antiretroviral treatment cessation in rhesus macaques.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Post-treatment SIV control is associated with specific features of viral persistence before and after treatment interruption.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Maintenance of intestinal CX3CR1Nature communications · 2026Article
- HIV low-level viraemia: considerations for prevention and treatment in an era of highly effective and durable antiretroviral therapy regimens.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Modeling HIV infection, treatment, rebound, and intervention in human immune organoids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Modeling the Public Health Impact of Improved Antiretroviral Therapy Restart Patterns Among People with HIV Who Have Discontinued Treatment.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2026Article
- Real-World Persistence in Adults with HIV and Mental Health or Substance Use Disorders After Restarting Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States.Advances in therapy · 2025Observational
- CD8ɑ+ cells suppress SIV replication without evidence of viral immune escape during post treatment control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDevelopment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remission strategies requires precise information on time to HIV rebound after treatment interruption, but there is uncertainty regarding whether modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens and timing of ART initiation may affect this outcome.
methodsAIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5345 enrolled individuals who initiated ART during chronic or early HIV infection and on suppressive ART for ≥2 years. Participants underwent carefully monitored antiretroviral interruption. ART was restarted upon 2 successive viral loads ≥1000 copies/mL. We compared participants of A5345 with participants of 6 historic ACTG treatment interruption studies.
resultsThirty-three chronic-treated and 12 early-treated participants interrupted ART with evaluable time to viral rebound. Median time to viral rebound ≥1000 HIV RNA copies/mL was 22 days. Acute retroviral rebound syndrome was diagnosed in 9% of the chronic-treated and none of the early-treated individuals. All participants of the historic studies were on older protease inhibitor-based regimens, whereas 97% of A5345 participants were on integrase inhibitor-based ART. There were no differences in the timing of viral rebound comparing A5345 versus historic studies. In a combined analysis, a higher percentage of early-treated participants remained off ART at posttreatment interruption week 12 (chronic vs early: 2% vs 9%, P = .0496). One chronic-treated and one early-treated A5345 participant remained off ART for >24 weeks. All participants resuppressed after ART reinitiation.
conclusionsEarly ART initiation, using either older or newer ART regimens, was associated with a significant delay in the time to HIV rebound after ART interruption, lowering the barrier for HIV remission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.