Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34117632›Full record

ArticleBehavior research methods2022

Towards a standardization of non-symbolic numerical experiments: GeNEsIS, a flexible and user-friendly tool to generate controlled stimuli.

Mirko Zanon, Davide Potrich, Maria Bortot, Giorgio Vallortigara

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavior research methods, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Brain Representation of Numerosity across the Senses and Presentation Formats.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Neural Basis of Number Sense in Larval Zebrafish.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Number neurons in the nidopallium of young domestic chicks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mirko ZanonCenter for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza Manifattura,1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy. mirko.zanon@unitn.it.ORCID 0000-0003-4062-1496
Davide PotrichCenter for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza Manifattura,1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0928-628X
Maria BortotCenter for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza Manifattura,1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5815-2053
Giorgio VallortigaraCenter for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza Manifattura,1, 38068, Rovereto, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8192-9062
University of Trento · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several studies have suggested that vertebrate and invertebrate species may possess a number sense, i.e. an ability to process in a non-symbolic and non-verbal way the numerousness of a set of items. However, this hypothesis has been challenged by the presence of other non-numerical continuous physical variables, which vary along with numerosity (i.e., any change in the number of visual physical elements in a set naturally involves a related change in visual features such as area, density, contour length and convex hull of the stimulus). It is therefore necessary to control and manipulate the continuous physical information when investigating the ability of humans and other animals to perceive numerousness. During decades of research, different methods have been implemented in order to address this issue, which has implications for experiment replicability and inter-species comparisons, since no general standardized procedure is currently being used. Here we present the 'Generation of Numerical Elements Images Software' (GeNEsIS) for the creation of non-symbolic numerical arrays in a standardized and user-friendly environment. The main aim of this tool is to provide researchers in the field of numerical cognition a manageable and precise instrument to produce visual numerical arrays controlled for all the continuous variables. Additionally, we implemented the ability to actively guide stimuli presentation during habituation/dishabituation and dual-choice comparison tasks used in human and comparative research.

Indexed as

CognitionLearningAnimalsHumansReference StandardsSoftwareApproximate number system (ANS)Continuous physical variablesMATLAB GUINumber comparisonNumber senseNumerical abilitiesNumerical stimuli generatorQuantity discriminationStandardized method

Identifiers

PMID34117632
PMCPMC8863760
OpenAlexW3171615012

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.