Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34117588›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2021

Glutathione-Conjugated Hydrogels: Flexible Vehicles for Personalized Treatment of Bacterial Infections.

Karol Sokolowski, Hai M Pham, Eric Wenzler, Richard A Gemeinhart

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 53% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Assessment of antibiotic release and antibacterial efficacy from pendant glutathione hydrogels using ex vivo porcine skin.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Karol SokolowskiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Hai M PhamDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Eric WenzlerDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. wenzler@uic.edu.
Richard A GemeinhartDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. rag@uic.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-7304
University of Illinois Chicago · US

Funding

EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH FACILITIES CONSTRUCTIONC06RR015482 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI BAUMAN, JERRY L · 2000 to 2000
$909k
NCRR NIH HHS C06 RR015482NCRR NIH HHS C06 RR15482
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeSkin and soft tissue infections are increasingly prevalent and often complicated by potentially fatal therapeutic hurdles, such as poor drug perfusion and antibiotic resistance. Delivery vehicles capable of versatile loading may improve local bioavailability and minimize systemic toxicities yet such vehicles are not clinically available. Therefore, we aimed to expand upon the use of glutathione-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) GSH-PEG hydrogels beyond protein delivery and evaluate the ability to deliver traditional therapeutic molecules.

methodsPEG and GSH-PEG hydrogels were prepared using ultraviolet light (UV)-polymerization. Hydrogel loading and release of selected drug candidates was examined using UV-visible spectrometry. Therapeutic molecules and GST-fusion protein loading was examined using UV-visible and fluorescent spectrometry. Efficacy of released meropenem was assessed against meropenem-sensitive and -resistant P. aeruginosa in an agar diffusion bioassay.

resultsFor all tested agents, GSH-PEG hydrogels demonstrated time-dependent loading whereas PEG hydrogels did not. GSH-PEG hydrogels released meropenem over 24 h. Co-loading of biologic and traditional therapeutics into a single vehicle was successfully demonstrated. Meropenem-loaded GSH-PEG hydrogels inhibited the growth of meropenem-sensitive and resistant P. aeruginosa isolates.

conclusionGSH ligands within GSH-PEG hydrogels allow loading and effective delivery of charged therapeutic agents, in addition to biologic therapeutics.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBiological AvailabilityBiological ProductsDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationDrug Resistance, BacterialDrug Therapy, CombinationGlutathioneHumansHydrogelsMeropenemMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPolyethylene GlycolsPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiological ProductsDelayed-Action PreparationsGlutathioneHydrogelsMeropenemPolyethylene Glycolsantibiotic deliverybiomaterialsglutathionehydrogelinfectionprotein delivery

Identifiers

PMID34117588
PMCPMC8351165
OpenAlexW3168401068

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.