ArticleBMJ open2021
Effect of meteorological factors and air pollutants on fractures: a nationwide population-based ecological study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seasonal patterns of hip fracture incidence and mortality rates across age groups of older adults in Israel.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Article
- A Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index Is a Risk Factor for Hip Fracture in Older Adults During Low-Temperature Periods: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between weather and hip fracture in adults: a nationwide study in China 198 cities.Archives of osteoporosis · 2023Article
- Recent advances in the identification of related factors and preventive strategies of hip fracture.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the association of meteorological factors and air pollutants (MFAPs) with fracture and to estimate the effect size/time lag.
designThis is a nationwide population-based ecological study from 2008 to 2017.
settingEight large metropolitan areas in Korea.
participantsOf 8 093 820 patients with fractures reported in the Korea National Health Insurance database, 2 129 955 were analysed after the data set containing patient data (age, sex and site of fractures) were merged with MFAPs. Data on meteorological factors were obtained from the National Climate Data Center of the Korea Meteorological Administration. Additionally, data on air pollutants (atmospheric particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We hypothesised that there would be an association between MFAPs and the incidence of fracture. A generalised additive model was used while factoring in the non-linear relationship between MFAPs and fractures as well as a time lag ≤7 days. Multivariate analysis was performed. Backward elimination with an Akaike information criterion was used to fit the multivariate model.
resultsOverall, in eight urban areas, 2 129 955 patients with fractures were finally analysed. These included 370 344, 187 370, 173 100, 140 358, 246 775, 6501, 228 346, 57 183 and 719 978 patients with hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, ankle, foot and spine fractures, respectively. Various MFAPs (average temperature, daily rain, wind speed, daily snow and PM
conclusionsVarious MFAPs could affect the occurrence of fractures. The average temperature, daily rain, wind speed, daily snow and PM
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