ArticleJournal of substance abuse treatment2021
Who stays in medication treatment for opioid use disorder? A national study of outpatient specialty treatment settings.
Article in Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- The difference-making role of staff support in implementing nurse care management for opioid use disorder treatment: A configurational analysis.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- Methamphetamine use and illicit opioid use during buprenorphine treatment.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Trial
- Polysubstance use before and during treatment with medication for opioid use disorder: Prevalence and association with treatment outcomes.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Trial
- Impact of fentanyl use on initiation and discontinuation of methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone among people with prescription-type opioid use disorder: secondary analysis of a Canadian treatment trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Trial
- Continuity of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in States With and Without Medicaid Prescription Cap Policies.Medical care · 2026Article
- Trait impulsivity prospectively predicts lower methadone treatment retention: moderation by pain catastrophizing.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Observational
- "It's so much easier for them to just come to us": a qualitative study examining the implementation of mobile methadone treatment serving a residential SUD treatment program.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment to Monitor Opioid Use and Overdose Among People Who Use Opioids: Prospective Observational Feasibility Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Observational
- Social, Economic, and health risks among people who use Methamphetamine: Comparing three patterns of opioid Co-Use.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Relationship between extended-release buprenorphine adherence and reduced risk of return to use in patients with opioid use disorder: A retrospective claims data analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Improvements in substance use and social determinants of health associated with hepatitis C treatment initiation and sustained virologic response in opioid treatment programs.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Pilot Study To Integrate Buprenorphine into a Harm-reduction Drop-in-Center in Kampala, Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Health Plan Disenrollment and Mortality After Initiation of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Article
- Impact of social determinants on opioid use disorder treatment engagement after release from jail: a case note content analysis.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Burden of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with medications for treatment of opioid use disorder: A matched cohort study from 4 US health systems, 2012-2021.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Drug Use After Emergency Department-Initiated Injectable Buprenorphine: A Secondary Analysis of the ED-INNOVATION Ancillary Safety and Feasibility Trial.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
- Retention among Medicaid beneficiaries in opioid treatment programs in California.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- "You're doing it because your freedom is on the line": a qualitative study exploring how people who use opioids and methamphetamine navigate legal involvement and carceral treatment for substance use disorder.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Retention on Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder in Justice-Involved Individuals: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Subgroup identification of disparities in buprenorphine discontinuation in opioid-use disorder: A Virtual Twins machine learning approach using nationwide United States claims data, 2006-2022.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaintenance treatments with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are highly effective at reducing overdose risk while patients remain in care. However, few patients initiate medication and retention remains a critical challenge across settings. Much remains to be learned about individual and structural factors that influence successful retention, especially among populations dispensed MOUD in outpatient settings.
methodsWe examined individual and structural characteristics associated with MOUD treatment retention among a national sample of adults seeking MOUD treatment in outpatient substance use treatment settings using the 2017 Treatment Episode Dataset-Discharges (TEDS-D). The study assessed predictors of retention in MOUD using multivariate logistic regression and accelerated time failure models.
resultsOf 130,300 episodes of MOUD treatment in outpatient settings, 36% involved a duration of care greater than six months. The strongest risk factors for treatment discontinuation by six months included being of younger age, ages 18-29 ((OR):0.52 [95%CI:0.50-0.54]) or 30-39 (OR:0.57 [95%CI:0.55-0.59); experiencing homelessness (OR: 0.70 [95%CI:0.66-0.73]); co-using methamphetamine (OR:0.48 [95%CI:0.45-0.51]); and being referred to treatment by a criminal justice source (OR:0.55 [95%CI:0.52-0.59) or by a school, employer, or community source (OR:0.71 [95%CI:0.66-0.76).
conclusionsImproving retention in treatment is a pivotal stage in the OUD cascade of care and is critical to reducing overdose deaths. Efforts should prioritize interventions to improve retention among patients who are both prescribed and dispended MOUD, especially youth, people experiencing homelessness, polysubstance users, and people referred to care by the justice system who have especially short stays in care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.