Trial reportArthritis research & therapy2021
Therapeutic potential of targeting Tfr/Tfh cell balance by low-dose-IL-2 in active SLE: a post hoc analysis from a double-blind RCT study.
Trial report in Arthritis research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02465580 (A Phase II Pilot-Study With Low-dose hrIL-2 for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II Pilot-Study With Low-dose hrIL-2 for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review on early clinical evidence for immune-resolution therapies and potential benefits to patients and healthcare providers.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Low dose IL-2 therapy restores regulatory T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in a dose-dependent manner: a phase IIb trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Interleukin 2 for Primary Sjögren Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Regulation of follicular helper T cell subset differentiation in health and disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cell induction strategies and applications in the treatment of immune and non-immune diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- [Role of AHR-mediated histone acetylation at FOXP3 in Tfr cell differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- IL-2: a promising topical treatment for Sjögren's disease-related dry eye disease.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Bridging B-cell autoimmunity and oncology: the PD-1/PD-L1 paradox in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Regulation and Mechanism of Deleted in Breast Cancer-1 on Dendritic Cell Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.MedComm · 2026Article
- T follicular helper cells in primary immune regulatory disorders.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- From endotypes to therapeutic targets: exploring the potential of precision treat-to-target approaches in primary Sjögren's disease.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Review
- Challenges and strategies in clinical applications of CAR-T therapy for autoimmune diseases.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Potential Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.JMA journal · 2025Review
- Low-dose IL-2 restores Tfh/Tfr imbalance and modulates B cell subset distribution in the pre-arthritis phase of the collagen-induced arthritis model.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- T-Follicular Helper Cells and Their Role in Autoimmune Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Inhibit Stim1-Orai1 Signaling and Calcium Overload-Induced Mitochondrial Damage of Follicular Helper T Cells in Lupus.Biomaterials research · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the regulation of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) and T follicular (Tfh) cell subtypes by low-dose IL-2 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
methodsA post hoc analysis was performed in a randomized cohort of SLE patients (n=60) receiving low-dose IL-2 therapy (n=30) or placebo (n=30), along with the standard of care treatment. The primary endpoint was the attainment of SLE responder index-4 (SRI-4) at week 12 in the trial. Twenty-three healthy controls were enrolled for T cell subset detection at the same time as the trial. The t-stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) analysis of CD4 T subsets based on immune cells flow cytometry markers was performed to distinguish Tfh, Tfh1, Tfh2, Tfh17, and Tfr cell subsets.
resultsCompared with HC, the frequency of Tfr (CXCR5
conclusionThese data support the hypothesis that promotion of Tfr is associated with decreased disease activities and that low-dose IL-2 therapy can recover Tfr/Tfh immune balance. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Registries ( NCT02465580 ).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.