SynthesisPloS one2021
Systematic review of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax polyclonal infections: Impact of prevalence, study population characteristics, and laboratory procedures.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection based on msp-1, msp-2, glurp and microsatellite genetic markers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2024Pooled it
- MalDeepSeq panel: A targeted ultra-deep sequencing approach to trace drug resistance markers in Plasmodium falciparum.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Genetic diversity and multiplicity of Plasmodium spp. infections in Southeast Asia: a scoping review.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- High connectivity and low differentiation of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in a setting with high seasonal migration.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Deletion of target gene (histidine-rich protein 2/3) for Plasmodium falciparum rapid diagnostic tests in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- High connectivity and low differentiation of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in a setting with high seasonal migration.Research square · 2025Article
- Assessing Microsatellite Variations in Plasmodium falciparum Following a Decade-Long Antimalaria Campaign in Kenya.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Bridging the Gap from Molecular Surveillance to Programmatic Decisions for Malaria Control and Elimination.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Review
- Allelic frequency ofMalariaWorld journal · 2025Article
- A Countrywide Survey of hrp2/3 Deletions and kelch13 Mutations Co-occurrence in Ethiopia.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Contrasting genomic epidemiology between sympatric Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax populations.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genotyping Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes using amplicon deep sequencing.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Hybrid-Capture Target Enrichment in Human Pathogens: Identification, Evolution, Biosurveillance, and Genomic Epidemiology.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Molecular speciation of Plasmodium and multiplicity of P. falciparum infection in the Central region of Ghana.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Comparing newly developed SNP barcode panels with microsatellites to explore population genetics of malaria parasites in the Peruvian Amazon.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- High Prevalence of PolyclonalTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Multiplexed ddPCR-amplicon sequencing reveals isolated Plasmodium falciparum populations amenable to local elimination in Zanzibar, Tanzania.Nature communications · 2023Article
- coiaf: Directly estimating complexity of infection with allele frequencies.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax populations from the China-Myanmar border identified by genotyping merozoite surface protein markers.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- Exploring how space, time, and sampling impact our ability to measure genetic structure acrossFrontiers in epidemiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple infections of genetically distinct clones of the same Plasmodium species are common in many malaria endemic settings. Mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) and the proportion of polyclonal infections are often reported as surrogate marker of transmission intensity, yet the relationship with traditional measures such as parasite prevalence is not well understood. We have searched Pubmed for articles on P. falciparum and P. vivax multiplicity, and compared the proportion of polyclonal infections and mean MOI to population prevalence. The impact of the genotyping method, number of genotyping markers, method for diagnosis (microscopy/RDT vs. PCR), presence of clinical symptoms, age, geographic region, and year of sample collection on multiplicity indices were assessed. For P. falciparum, 153 studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 275 individual data points and 33,526 genotyped individuals. The proportion of polyclonal infections ranged from 0-96%, and mean MOI from 1-6.1. For P. vivax, 54 studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 115 data points and 13,325 genotyped individuals. The proportion of polyclonal infections ranged from 0-100%, and mean MOI from 1-3.8. For both species, the proportion of polyclonal infections ranged from very low to close to 100% at low prevalence, while at high prevalence it was always high. Each percentage point increase in prevalence resulted in a 0.34% increase in the proportion of polyclonal P. falciparum infections (P<0.001), and a 0.78% increase in the proportion of polyclonal P. vivax infections (P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, higher prevalence, typing multiple markers, diagnosis of infections by PCR, and sampling in Africa were found to result in a higher proportion of P. falciparum polyclonal infections. For P. vivax, prevalence, year of study, typing multiple markers, and geographic region were significant predictors. In conclusion, polyclonal infections are frequently present in all settings, but the association between multiplicity and prevalence is weak.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.