Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34115540›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of sports medicine2021

An Anterior Cruciate Ligament In Vitro Rupture Model Based on Clinical Imaging.

Lukas Willinger, Kiron K Athwal, Andy Williams, Andrew A Amis

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. [Changes in knee kinematic parameters and plasma inflammatory factors at different stages after anterior cruciate ligament injury].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026
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  8. Injury risk functions for the four primary knee ligaments.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023
    Article
  9. Stress on the posteromedial region of the proximal tibia increased over time after anterior cruciate ligament injury.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Lukas WillingerBiomechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Kiron K AthwalBiomechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Andy WilliamsBiomechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Andrew A AmisBiomechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Imperial College London · GBFortius Clinic · GBTechnical University of Munich · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBiomechanical studies on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and reconstructions are based on ACL transection instead of realistic injury trauma. PURPOSE: To replicate an ACL injury in vitro and compare the laxity that occurs with that after an isolated ACL transection injury before and after ACL reconstruction. STUDY

designControlled laboratory study.

methodsNine paired knees were ACL injured or ACL transected. For ACL injury, knees were mounted in a rig that imposed tibial anterior translation at 1000 mm/min to rupture the ACL at 22.5° of flexion, 5° of internal rotation, and 710 N of joint compressive force, replicating data published on clinical bone bruise locations. In contralateral knees, the ACL was transected arthroscopically at midsubstance. Both groups had ACL reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. Native, ACL-deficient, and reconstructed knee laxities were measured in a kinematics rig from 0° to 100° of flexion with optical tracking: anterior tibial translation (ATT), internal rotation (IR), anterolateral (ATT + IR), and pivot shift (IR + valgus).

resultsThe ACL ruptured at 26 ± 5 mm of ATT and 1550 ± 620 N of force (mean ± SD) with an audible spring-back tibiofemoral impact with 5

conclusionThis study developed an ACL injury model in vitro that replicated clinical ACL injury as evidenced by bone bruise patterns. ACL injury caused larger increases of laxity than ACL transection, likely because of damage to adjacent tissues; these differences often persisted after ACL reconstruction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This in vitro model created more realistic ACL injuries than surgical transection, facilitating future evaluation of ACL reconstruction techniques.

Indexed as

Anterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesAnterior Cruciate Ligament ReconstructionJoint InstabilityAnterior Cruciate LigamentBiomechanical PhenomenaCadaverHumansKnee JointRange of Motion, ArticularRotationACL reconstructionanterior cruciate ligamentinjury mechanism

Identifiers

PMID34115540
PMCPMC8283191
OpenAlexW3166561344

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.