Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34115304›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2021

Modeling financial development, tourism, energy consumption, and environmental quality: Is there any discrepancy between developing and developed countries?

Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen, Rakhshanda Kousar, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum

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Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Determinants of renewable energy sources in Pakistan: An overview.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Tourism-induced pollution emission amidst energy mix: evidence from Nigeria.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022
    Article
  6. Impact of globalization on COEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2022
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Muhammad UsmanDepartment of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Muhammad Rizwan YaseenDepartment of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Rakhshanda KousarFaculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Muhammad Sohail Amjad MakhdumDepartment of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. sohailmakhdum@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-5568

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic association between financial development, tourism, primary and renewable energy utilization, urbanization, and carbon emission by employing the longitudinal data of 52 countries from 1995 to 2017. Empirical results of panel pooled mean group-autoregressive distributive lag (PMG-ARDL) model reveal that financial development significantly improves the environmental quality in developed countries. However, it has a detrimental but insignificant effect on the environment in developing countries. In the case of developed countries, the profound tourism sector is more harmful to the environment due to a large number of tourist arrivals in contrast to the developing countries. There is a wide difference between developed and developing countries concerning industrial, regional, and economic structure, in the effect of financial and tourism development on carbon emission, but both urbanization and primary energy utilization promote carbon emissions. The utilization of renewable energy sources improves the environmental quality in both regions. Generally, it is suggested that investment in renewable energy resources in both regions affects pollution differently and still has the potential to accelerate environmental quality. Moreover, the panel causality test explores that there exists bidirectional causality between financial development, primary energy, and carbon emission in both regions, while a unidirectional causality is observed from urbanization to carbon emission in developed countries. In developing countries, it exists from tourism to carbon emission and carbon emission to renewable energy. Finally, from policy perspectives, the results of this research recommend developing the financial system, and more funds should be allocated in modern and eco-friendly energy projects and utilized energy-efficient technologies.

Indexed as

Economic DevelopmentTourismCarbon DioxideDeveloped CountriesRenewable EnergyCarbon DioxideCarbon emissionsFinancial developmentPMG-ARDL modelPrimary and renewable energy utilizationTourismUrbanization

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.