ArticleSleep2021
Exposure to relaxing words during sleep promotes slow-wave sleep and subjective sleep quality.
Article in Sleep, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Energy expenditure and slow-wave sleep in runners: Focusing on reproductive function, chronic training, and sex.iScience · 2025Article
- Musical harmony is processed during sleep: a proof-of-concept study.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Frequency and categorization of presleep fantasies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Targeted memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep vs. sleep stage N2: no significant differences in a vocabulary task.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Stress dynamically reduces sleep depth: temporal proximity to the stressor is crucial.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022Article
- The Intention to React to Sounds Induces Sleep Disturbances and Alters Brain Responses to Sounds during Sleep: A Pilot Study.Clocks & sleep · 2022Article
- Embodiment of sleep-related words: Evidence from event-related potentials.Psychophysiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our thoughts alter our sleep, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We propose that mental processes are active to a greater or lesser extent during sleep and that this degree of activation affects our sleep depth. We examined this notion by activating the concept of "relaxation" during sleep using relaxation-related words in 50 healthy participants. In support of our hypothesis, playing relaxing words during non-rapid eye movement sleep extended the time spent in slow-wave sleep, increased power in the slow-wave activity band after the word cue, and abolished an asymmetrical sleep depth during the word presentation period. In addition, participants reported a higher sleep quality and elevated subjective alertness. Our results support the notion that the activation of mental concepts during sleep can influence sleep depth. They provide a basis for interventions using targeted activations to promote sleep depth and sleep quality to foster well-being and health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.