ArticleGenome biology and evolution2021
The Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Apollo Butterfly Parnassius apollo, a Flagship Species for Conservation Biology.
Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combining Annotation Software to Identify Orthologous Genes (CASIO) Provides a New Dataset of Orthologous Genes for Swallowtail Butterflies.Molecular ecology resources · 2026Article
- Museum Genomics of an Important Swedish Pollinator Reveals Population Stability Across Time.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Genome assembly for the Sierra Nevada Parnassian (Parnassius behrii) and a brief review of butterfly genome sizes.The Journal of heredity · 2026Review
- Repeat-associated heterochromatin expansion in Acyclania tenebrosa, a noctuid with one of the largest lepidopteran genomes.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Habitat Loss and Other Threats to the Survival ofInsects · 2025Article
- Transposable element accumulation drives genome size increase in Hylesia metabus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), an urticating moth species from South America.The Journal of heredity · 2025Article
- A genome assembly for the Chryxus Arctic (Oeneis chryxus), the highest butterfly in North America.The Journal of heredity · 2025Article
- Article
- A near chromosome-level genome assembly of a ghost moth (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae).Scientific data · 2024Article
- Article
- A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Annotation for the Clouded Apollo Butterfly (Parnassius mnemosyne): A Species of Global Conservation Concern.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Dispersal from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau by a high-altitude butterfly is associated with rapid expansion and reorganization of its genome.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Genomics of the relict species Baronia brevicornis sheds light on its demographic history and genome size evolution across swallowtail butterflies.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Genomics, Population Divergence, and Historical Demography of the World's Largest and Endangered Butterfly, The Queen Alexandra's Birdwing.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Developmental Transcriptome Analysis of Red-Spotted Apollo Butterfly,International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The genome sequence of the scarce swallowtail, Iphiclides podalirius.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- High-quality reference genomes of swallowtail butterflies provide insights into their coloration evolution.Zoological research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conservation genomics has made dramatic improvements over the past decade, leveraging the power of genomes to infer diverse parameters central to conservation management questions. However, much of this effort has focused upon vertebrate species, despite insects providing similar flagship status with the added benefit of smaller genomes, shorter generation times and extensive historical collections in museums. Here we present the genome of the Apollo butterfly (Parnassius apollo, Papilionidae), an iconic endangered butterfly, which like many species in this genus, needs conservation genomic attention yet lacks a genome. Using 68.7 Gb of long-read data (N50 = 15.2 kb) we assembled a 1.4 Gb genome for the Apollo butterfly, making this the largest sequenced Lepidopteran genome to date. The assembly was highly contiguous (N50 = 7.1 Mb) and complete (97% of Lepidopteran BUSCOs were single-copy and complete) and consisted of 1,707 contigs. Using RNAseq data and Arthropoda proteins, we annotated 28.3K genes. Alignment with the closest-related chromosome-level assembly, Papilio bianor, reveals a highly conserved chromosomal organization, albeit genome size is highly expanded in the Apollo butterfly, due primarily to a dramatic increase in repetitive element content. Using this alignment for superscaffolding places the P. apollo genome in to 31 chromosomal scaffolds, and together with our functional annotation, provides an essential resource for advancing conservation genomics in a flagship species for insect conservation.
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