SynthesisAlimentary pharmacology & therapeutics2021
Systematic review: societal cost of illness of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing due to biologics and varies between continents.
Synthesis in Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Second United Arab Emirates consensus guidance on the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Work Productivity Impairment in Persons with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Economic and Health-Related Quality of Life Impact of Advanced Therapies Used to Treat Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis.Advances in therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review: societal cost of illness of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing due to biologics and varies between continents.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Anthocyanin-Rich Extract in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- A Prediction Model for Successful Increase of Adalimumab Dose Intervals in Patients with Crohn's Disease: Secondary Analysis of the Pragmatic Open-Label Randomised Controlled Non-inferiority LADI Trial.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Increased Adalimumab Dose Intervals in Crohn's Disease Patients in Stable Remission: The Randomized Controlled LADI Trial.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2023Trial
- Induction and Maintenance Treatment With Upadacitinib Improves Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis: Phase 3 Study Results.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2023Trial
- The Effectiveness of Patient Training in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Knowledge via Instagram: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- Patient outcomes and healthcare utilisation following implementation of an advanced therapy care pathway for inflammatory bowel disease: a multicentre, prospective quasi-experimental preimplementation/postimplementation study in the Netherlands.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Sick Leave in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Before and After Diagnosis: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study in Germany.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of Dietary Components and Combined Dietary Profiles with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case-Control Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Care Pathway for the Treatment of IBD Reduces Healthcare Costs and Is Cost-Effective: Results of the Multicentre IBD Value Study.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Editorial: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Care Pathways-Improving Quality, but Not at Increased Cost. Authors' Reply.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Use of Antihistamine Drugs in Colitis: A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Implementation of Outcome-Based Quality Improvement in Dutch Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centres.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Preferences, Expectations and Management Satisfaction in IBD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Investigate sodium orthovanadate molecular mechanisms in diabetes-aggravated ulcerative colitis, focusing on Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant and NF-κB/IL-6 inflammatory pathways.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Plant-Based Nano-Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Managing Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in 2025 and Beyond.Current gastroenterology reports · 2026Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKnowledge of the cost of illness of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is essential for health policy makers worldwide.
aimTo assess the cost of illness of IBD from the societal perspective taking into account time trends and geographical differences.
methodsA systematic review of all population-based studies on cost of illness of IBD published in Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Methodology of included studies was assessed and costs were adjusted to 2018 US dollars.
resultsStudy methodologies differed considerably, with large differences in perspective, valuation method and population. For prevalent Crohn's disease (CD) cases in the last ten years annual healthcare costs were in Asia $4417 (range $1230-$31 161); Europe $12 439 ($7694-$15 807) and North America $17 495 ($14 454-$20 535). For ulcerative colitis (UC), these were $1606 ($309-$14 572), $7224 ($3228-$9779) and $13 559 ($13 559-$13 559). The main cost driver was medication, the cost of which increased considerably between 1985 and 2018, while outpatient and inpatient costs remained stable. IBD had a negative impact on work productivity. Annual costs of absenteeism for CD and UC were in Asia (with presenteeism) $5638 ($5638-$5638) and $4828 ($4828-$4828); Europe $2660 ($641-$5277) and $2394 ($651-$5992); North America $752 ($307-$1303) and $1443 ($85-$2350).
conclusionIBD societal cost of illness is increasing, driven by growing costs of medication, and varies considerably between continents. While biologic therapy was expected to decrease inpatient costs by reducing hospitalisations and surgery, these costs have not declined.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.