ArticlePublic health nutrition2022
Examining recent trends in the racial disparity gap in tap water consumption: NHANES 2011-2018.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- How providing a low-cost water filter pitcher led Latino parents to reduce sugar-sweetened beverages and increase their water intake: explanatory qualitative results from the Water Up!@Home intervention trial.Public health nutrition · 2022Trial
- Water intake mediates cross-sectional associations between urinary kidney injury biomarkers and race in emerging adults.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026Article
- Addressing the commercial determinants of unhealthy beverage exposure: a systems thinking approach.Globalization and health · 2026Article
- Associations Between Perceived Tap Water Safety and Dietary Outcomes Among US Adults.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Trust in Tap Water among Alaska Native Communities: A Case Study of a Community within the Norton Sound Region.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Serum Levels of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Adults Aged 18 and Older in Relation to the Length of Residency in United States.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Potential Lead Risk and Water Consumption Behavior in the Chicago Area: A Coordinated Oral Health Promotion (CO-OP) Study Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- The Intersection of Tap Water Avoidance, Food Insecurity, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among U.S. Children and Adolescents Aged 2-17 Years.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Implications of water insecurity for food practices and health in contexts of migration and displacement: evidence from the US-Mexico borderlands.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Primary school children exhibit socioeconomic inequalities in their usual beverage consumption: baseline assessment of the DRINK trial.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Identifying differences in U.S. exposure to ubiquitous carcinogens.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Apparently healthy young black adults report lower total fluid intake and exhibit higher plasma copeptin than young White adults.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- The effect of water filter pitchers on the mineral concentration of tap water.Journal of public health dentistry · 2025Article
- A protocol for the development of a validated scale of household water insecurity in the United States: HWISE-USA.PloS one · 2025Article
- Trends and disparities in concurrent tap water avoidance and household food insecurity among US children.Nature water · 2024Article
- Article
- Trends in Calcium Intake among the US Population: Results from the NHANES (1999-2018).Nutrients · 2024Article
- Effect of bottled fluoridated water to prevent dental caries in primary teeth: study protocol for a phase 2 parallel group 3.5-year randomized controlled clinical trial (waterBEST).Research square · 2024Article
- Characteristics Associated With Purchasing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Bottled Water Among US Households, 2015.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2024Article
- Water Insecurity Is a Structural, Often Invisible Barrier to Healthy Beverage Patterns and Nutritious Diets.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAs tap water distrust has grown in the USA with greater levels among Black and Hispanic households, we aimed to examine recent trends in not drinking tap water including the period covering the US Flint Water Crisis and racial/ethnic disparities in these trends.
designCross-sectional analysis. We used log-binomial regressions and marginal predicted probabilities to examine US nationally representative trends in tap and bottled water consumption overall and by race/ethnicity.
settingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 2011-2018.
participantsNationally representative sample of 9439 children aged 2-19 years and 17 268 adults.
resultsAmong US children and adults, respectively, in 2017-2018 there was a 63 % (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR): 1·63, 95 % CI (1·25, 2·12), P < 0·001)) and 40 % (PR: 1·40, 95 % CI (1·16, 1·69), P = 0·001)) higher prevalence of not drinking tap water compared to 2013-2014 (pre-Flint Water Crisis). For Black children and adults, the probability of not drinking tap water increased significantly from 18·1 % (95 % CI (13·4, 22·8)) and 24·6 % (95 % CI (20·7, 28·4)) in 2013-2014 to 29·3 % (95 % CI (23·5, 35·1)) and 34·5 % (95 % CI (29·4, 39·6)) in 2017-2018. Among Hispanic children and adults, not drinking tap water increased significantly from 24·5 % (95 % CI (19·4, 29·6)) and 27·1 % (95 % CI (23·0, 31·2)) in 2013-2014 to 39·7 % (95 % CI (32·7, 46·8)) and 38·1 % (95 % CI (33·0, 43·1)) in 2017-2018. No significant increases were observed among Asian or White persons between 2013-2014 and 2017-2018. Similar trends were found in bottled water consumption.
conclusionsThis study found persistent disparities in the tap water consumption gap from 2011 to 2018. Black and Hispanics' probability of not drinking tap water increased following the Flint Water Crisis.
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