Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34114170›Full record

ArticleThe patient2021

Conducting Qualitative Research Online: Challenges and Solutions.

Stacy M Carter, Patti Shih, Jane Williams, Chris Degeling, Julie Mooney-Somers

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The patient, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07688174 (Evidence Based, Patient-led Development of a Novel Axial Spondyloarthritis Flare Management Pathway), which is not on this map. Cited by 63 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed
41.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07688174 active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Evidence Based, Patient-led Development of a Novel Axial Spondyloarthritis Flare Management Pathway

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorRoyal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation TrustRan2026 to 2026Enrolled40ConditionsAxial Spondyloarthritis (AxSpA), Axial Spondyloarthritis, Non-Radiographic, Axial Spondyloarthritis, Radiographic, Axial Spondylarthritis (r-axSpA)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 161 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Informal carers' perception on perspective taking when reporting as proxies about someone else's health.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
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  5. Article
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  15. Assessing the Quality of Community Jury Deliberations in Online and In-Person Community Juries Using a Deductive Coding Framework.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
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3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Stacy M CarterACHEEV, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. stacyc@uow.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0003-2617-8694
Patti ShihACHEEV, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9628-7987
Jane WilliamsSydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0142-0299
Chris DegelingACHEEV, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4279-3443
Julie Mooney-SomersSydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4047-3403
University of Wollongong · AUThe University of Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

What ways of thinking and concrete strategies can assist qualitative health researchers to transition their research practice to online environments? We propose that researchers should foreground inclusion when designing online qualitative research, and suggest ethical, technological and social adaptations required to move data collection online. Existing research shows that this move can aid in meeting recruitment targets, but can also reduce the richness of the data generated, as well as how much participants enjoy participating, and the ability to achieve consensus in groups. Mindful and consultative choices are required to prevent these problems. To adapt to ethical challenges, researchers should especially consider participant privacy, and ways to build rapport and show appropriate care for participants, including protocols for dealing with distress or disengagement, managing data, and supporting consent. To adapt to technological challenges, research plans should choose between online modalities and platforms based on a clear understanding of their particular affordances and the implications of these. Finally, successful research in virtual social environments requires new protocols for engagement before data collection, attention to group numbers and dynamics, altered moderator teams and roles, and new logistical tasks for researchers. The increasing centrality of online environments to everyday life is driving traditional qualitative research methods to online environments and generating new qualitative research methods that respond to the particularities of online worlds. With strong design principles and attention to ethical, technical and social challenges, online methods can make a significant contribution to qualitative research in health.

Indexed as

Research PersonnelData CollectionHumansQualitative Research

Identifiers

PMID34114170
PMCPMC8192219
OpenAlexW3165953989

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.