ArticleVeterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Antigenic and Molecular Characterization of Virulent Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in Ethiopia Between 1976 and 2008.
Article in Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Molecular characterization and genotyping of Newcastle disease viruses using whole-genome sequencing from poultry farms in parts of Amhara Regions, and central Ethiopia.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Genetic and antigenic characteristics of genotype VII.1.1 Newcastle disease viruses currently circulating in Ethiopian chickens.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Newcastle disease virus genotype VII.1.1 identified from backyard chickens with low antibody titer: Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Family flock size and age-sex structure of indigenous village chickens.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Phylogenetic Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Poultry in Live Bird Markets and Wild Waterfowl in Zambia.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus Involved in the 2021 Outbreaks in Backyard Poultry Farms in Tanzania.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Detection of Chicken Respiratory Pathogens in Live Markets of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Epidemiological Implications.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Sero-prevalence of Newcastle disease and associated risk factors in chickens at backyard chicken production Kindo Koisha, Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- An Outbreak in Pigeons Caused by the Subgenotype VI.2.1.2 of Newcastle Disease Virus in Brazil.Viruses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionNewcastle disease virus (NDV) cultures held in the isolate collections in Ethiopia between 1976 and 2008 were not characterized using biological and molecular techniques. The already characterized NDV isolates belonged to genotype VI but the genetic nature of previously collected isolates, which could shade light on the history of introduction into the country and their evolutionary relationships, were not established.
methodsA total of 14 NDVs (11 obtained from outbreak cases in chickens and three commercial vaccinal strains used in the country) were inoculated into specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). Allantoic fluids harvested from grown SPF ECE were tested by heamagglutination (HA) and heamagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Partial F gene sequences were generated for all samples and molecular evolutionary relationships were reconstructed together with reference sequences freely available online. The pathogenicities of the isolates were assessed in vivo by determining their intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old chicks and molecularly by determination of F gene cleavage sites.
resultsOf these, 12 viruses (two vaccines and 10 outbreaks) were successfully propagated as evidenced by a positive heamagglutination (HA) test. These 12 propagated viruses were further characterized by heamagglutination inhibition (HI) test, of which only three viruses reacted with monoclonal antibody (MAb 617/616) specific for pigeon paramyxovirus-1. In addition, all 14 viruses were characterized by partial fusion (F) gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The Ethiopian NDV isolates clustered with genotype VI viruses, forming two clades (groups 1 and 2) that have ancestral relationships with Egypt-1990 and Sudan-1975 like viruses. DISCUSSION: The characterized genotype VI NDVs were genetically similar to currently circulating NDVs in Ethiopia. The isolates had cleavage sites consistent with mesogenic/velogenic NDV with a mean ICPI value of 1.76, indicating that the isolates were velogenic. Two and four highly virulent viruses were thermostable at 56°C for 2 hours and 1 hour, respectively. To reduce chicken mortality and production losses, proper control of the disease should be instituted using high quality and protective vaccines together with strong biosecurity measures.
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