ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2021
CAR T Cell-Based Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell Immunotherapy Against Thoracic Malignancies: Challenges and Opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Immune checkpoint crosstalk between LAG-3 and CD39/CD73 in glioblastoma: dual-pathway regulation of metabolic exhaustion and therapeutic reversal strategies.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Arthropod venom peptides: Pioneering nanotechnology in cancer treatment and drug delivery.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- CAR-T cell therapy in glioblastoma: from αβ to γδ T-cell platforms.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- New experimental therapies for glioblastoma: a review of preclinical research.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Review
- Cell therapies against brain tumors: Clinical development and emerging prospects.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- CAR-T cell therapy for glioblastoma: advances, challenges, and future directions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- NRCAM variant defined by microexon skipping is a targetable cell surface proteoform in high-grade gliomas.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Nanotechnology for immuno-oncology.Nature cancer · 2025Review
- Glioblastoma at the crossroads: current understanding and future therapeutic horizons.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Overcoming temozolomide resistance in glioma: recent advances and mechanistic insights.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Review
- Exploring miRNA therapies and gut microbiome-enhanced CAR-T cells: advancing frontiers in glioblastoma stem cell targeting.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Pooled screening for CAR function identifies novel IL-13Rα2-targeted CARs for treatment of glioblastoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Biomaterial-Based Therapeutic Delivery of Immune Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- CAR-T cell therapy in brain malignancies: obstacles in the face of cellular trafficking and persistence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Revolution in Cell Therapy: In Vivo Chimeric-Antigen-Receptor-T-Cell Therapy Breakthroughs and Promises for the Future.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- CAR-T therapy-based innovations in the enhancement of contemporary anti-tumor therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options typically consist of surgery followed by chemotherapy or more frequently radiotherapy, however, median patient survival remains at just over 1 year. Therefore, the need for novel curative therapies for GBM is vital. Characterization of GBM cells has contributed to identify several molecules as targets for immunotherapy-based treatments such as EGFR/EGFRvIII, IL13Rα2, B7-H3, and CSPG4. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes collected from a patient can be genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for an identified tumor antigen (TA). These CAR T cells can then be re-administered to the patient to identify and eliminate cancer cells. The impressive clinical responses to TA-specific CAR T cell-based therapies in patients with hematological malignancies have generated a lot of interest in the application of this strategy with solid tumors including GBM. Several clinical trials are evaluating TA-specific CAR T cells to treat GBM. Unfortunately, the efficacy of CAR T cells against solid tumors has been limited due to several factors. These include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, inadequate trafficking and infiltration of CAR T cells and their lack of persistence and activity. In particular, GBM has specific limitations to overcome including acquired resistance to therapy, limited diffusion across the blood brain barrier and risks of central nervous system toxicity. Here we review current CAR T cell-based approaches for the treatment of GBM and summarize the mechanisms being explored in pre-clinical, as well as clinical studies to improve their anti-tumor activity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.