ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2021
Maternal Plasma Betaine in Middle Pregnancy Was Associated with Decreased Risk of GDM in Twin Pregnancy: A Cohort Study.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Choline status and related health outcomes in humans: A scoping review.Nutrition and health · 2026Article
- Exploring the Multifunctional Roles of Betaine: Traditional Applications, Emerging Technologies, and Green Chemistry Innovations.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Subcutaneous adipose tissue compensates for the perturbations in circulating one-carbon metabolism in women with gestational diabetes.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Associations of serum choline, betaine and trimethylamine N-oxide with gestational diabetes mellitus among Chinese pregnant women.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- Associations of first-trimester TMAO and its precursors with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Choline and betaine intakes during pregnancy in relation to risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Chinese women.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Serum betaine and dimethylglycine in mid-pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Choline-An Underappreciated Component of a Mother-to-Be's Diet.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Relationship between one-carbon metabolism and fetal growth in twins: A cohort study.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Dietary Impacts on Gestational Diabetes: Connection between Gut Microbiome and Epigenetic Mechanisms.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAlthough previous studies have shown that choline-related metabolites in one carbon metabolism (OCM) were related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in singleton pregnancy, their role in twin gestations remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between choline, betaine, methionine, dimethylglycine (DMG), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and GDM risk among women with twin gestations. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis hospital-based cohort study included 187 women with dichorionic twin gestations. Blood samples were collected during pregnancy at a median of 16.1 weeks of gestation (IQR: 13.9 -17.9). Concentrations of plasma metabolites were measured by HPLC-triple quadrupole MS. Log-binomial regression models were applied to estimate the associations between plasma metabolites and the risk of GDM.
resultsA total of 57 (30.5%) GDM cases were diagnosed over the study follow-up. Eighty-seven percent of women conceived through ART. Plasma betaine had an inverse association with GDM risk, and the adjusted RR of GDM comparing the highest tertile with the lowest tertile was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.19-0.86,
conclusionAmong women with dichorionic twin gestations, higher plasma level of betaine in the second trimester was associated with lower risk of GDM. This finding needs further confirmation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.