ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Refractive Error and Visual Impairment Among School Children: Result of a South-Eastern Nigerian Regional Survey.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Urban-Rural and School-Type Disparities in the Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia in South India.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in low-resource high schools in the Free State, South Africa.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of mobile health based vision screening on uptake of referral services in school children: A randomized control trial.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- The Correlation Between Eye Strain on Visual Acuity with Refractive Error Among Children.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of visual impairment in school children: mHealth-based vision screening in government schools of Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment Among Nigerian Children: A Systematic Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Commentary: Screening the future generation: A path to better future.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine the prevalence refractive errors and causes of visual impairment in school children in the south-eastern region of Nigeria.
methodsSchool-based cross-sectional samples of children 5 to 15 of age in both urban and rural areas were profiled through cluster sampling. The main outcome measures were presenting, uncorrected, and best-corrected visual acuity using the Refractive Error in School-age Children (RESC) protocol.
resultsA total of 5723 children were examined during the study period comprising 2686 (46.9%) males and 3037 (53.1%) females; (M:F ratio 0.9:1) and aged 10.49±2.74SD of mean (range, 5 to 15 years). The age group 12 to <13 accounted for the highest 776 (13.6%) number of the study participants. The uncorrected visual acuity (VA) of <20/40 (6/12) was seen in 188 (3.4%) of the study participants while the presenting and best-corrected visual acuity of <20/40 (6/12) were noted in 182 (3.4%) children and 14 (0.2%) children, respectively. Refractive error was the principal cause of visual impairment.
conclusionPrevalence of refractive error is low. Myopia is the principal cause of refractive error occurring more in females and in urban schools. The main cause of visual impairment is refractive error, and most children that need spectacle correction did not have them. Program to identify children with refractive error in addition to providing free or affordable optical services remains the key to preventing visual impairment from refractive error particularly in resource-poor settings.
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