ArticleCommunications biology2021
Microglial metabolism is a pivotal factor in sexual dimorphism in Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Role of Microglial Cells in the Gut-Brain Axis Communication: A Systematic Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Global and regional amyloid-β in explaining APOE-ε4 and sex associations with medial temporal tau: a neuropathology study.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dynamic evolution of microglial glucose metabolic reprogramming in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Sex-dependent Hippocampal Astrocytic Signaling and Synaptic Alterations Associated With Behavioral Impairments in Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin-treated Rats.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Metabolic Reprogramming of Brain Microglia: Implications for Aging and Aging-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases.Aging cell · 2026Review
- Does sex moderate health and Alzheimer's disease risk tied to early educational experiences? The reducing inequities through social and educational change follow-up in early adulthood extension study protocol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Article
- Regional mapping of CSF1R-positive microglia in neurodegenerative diseases and progressive MS, with exploratory presynaptic marker analyses.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Six promising drug repurposing candidates for Alzheimer's disease and their sex-specific mechanisms and efficacy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Review
- Impact of sex differences on microglial function in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Review
- D-methionine improves spatial navigation and attenuates oxidative stress and amyloid pathology in a sex-specific manner.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Sex differences in brain glucose metabolism and Alzheimer's disease risk and progression.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Novel Non-Invasive PET Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species Using [18 F]ROStrace in Three Proteinopathy-Associated Neurodegenerative Mouse Models.Academic radiology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic targeting of neuroimmune mechanisms in neurodegeneration.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Lactate metabolism links reactive microglia, amyloid pathology, and Aβ dynamics.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Article
- Dual Role of Microglial TREM2 in Neuronal Degeneration and Regeneration After Axotomy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Age and sex are major risk factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a higher incidence of the disease in females. Neuroinflammation, which is a hallmark of AD, contributes to disease pathogenesis and is inexorably linked with inappropriate microglial activation and neurodegeneration. We investigated sex-related differences in microglia in APP/PS1 mice and in post-mortem tissue from AD patients. Changes in genes that are indicative of microglial activation were preferentially increased in cells from female APP/PS1 mice and cells from males and females were morphological, metabolically and functionally distinct. Microglia from female APP/PS1 mice were glycolytic and less phagocytic and associated with increased amyloidosis whereas microglia from males were amoeboid and this was also the case in post-mortem tissue from male AD patients, where plaque load was reduced. We propose that the sex-related differences in microglia are likely to explain, at least in part, the sexual dimorphism in AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.