Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34112911›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Gene duplications and gene loss in the epidermal differentiation complex during the evolutionary land-to-water transition of cetaceans.

Karin Brigit Holthaus, Julia Lachner, Bettina Ebner, Erwin Tschachler, Leopold Eckhart

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Gene Loss DB: a curated database for gene loss in mammals-the cetacean collection.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2025
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  11. Genenames.org: the HGNC resources in 2023.Nucleic acids research · 2023
    Article
  12. Cetacean epidermal specialization: A review.Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2022
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Karin Brigit HolthausSkin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Julia LachnerSkin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Bettina EbnerSkin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Erwin TschachlerSkin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Leopold EckhartSkin Biology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. leopold.eckhart@meduniwien.ac.at.
Medical University of Vienna · AT

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF P 23801Austrian Science Fund FWF P 28004Austrian Science Fund FWF P 32777
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Major protein components of the mammalian skin barrier are encoded by genes clustered in the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC). The skin of cetaceans, i.e. whales, porpoises and dolphins, differs histologically from that of terrestrial mammals. However, the genetic regulation of their epidermal barrier is only incompletely known. Here, we investigated the EDC of cetaceans by comparative genomics. We found that important epidermal cornification proteins, such as loricrin and involucrin are conserved and subtypes of small proline-rich proteins (SPRRs) are even expanded in numbers in cetaceans. By contrast, keratinocyte proline rich protein (KPRP), skin-specific protein 32 (XP32) and late-cornified envelope (LCE) genes with the notable exception of LCE7A have been lost in cetaceans. Genes encoding proline rich 9 (PRR9) and late cornified envelope like proline rich 1 (LELP1) have degenerated in subgroups of cetaceans. These data suggest that the evolution of an aquatic lifestyle was accompanied by amplification of SPRR genes and loss of specific other epidermal differentiation genes in the phylogenetic lineage leading to cetaceans.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGene DeletionAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCetaceaEpidermisGene DuplicationGenomicsHumansKeratinocytesPhylogeny

Identifiers

PMID34112911
PMCPMC8192740
OpenAlexW3171752723

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.