ArticleExercise and sport sciences reviews2021
The Theory of Effort Minimization in Physical Activity.
Article in Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Retraining the Automatic Reaction to Physical Activity and Sedentary Stimuli in Adults 60 Years of Age or Older
Functional MRI Protocols for Studying the Neural Correlates of Effort Perception and the Effects of Targeted rTMS Protocols on Perceived Effort and Effort-based Decision-making
Retraining Automatic Attitudes Towards Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Adults 60 Years of Age or Older
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Relationship Between Fear of Movement and Physical Activity in Patients With Cardiac, Rheumatologic, Neurologic, Pulmonary, or Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Physical therapy · 2025Pooled it
- DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Trials on Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and Their Determinants in Children Aged 5-12 Years.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing Affective Valence and Activation in Stretching Activities with the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale: A Systematic Review.Perceptual and motor skills · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Positive effects of functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling on perception of effort, cerebral blood flow, and cognition in post-stroke patients.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of short-term cycling interventions in older adults: a randomized trial of hypoxic, blood flow restriction, and eccentric cycling.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Isolating the role of researcher observation on reactivity to the measurement of physical activity.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2025Trial
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal neural predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour from a 6-month randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Japanese Version of the Physical Effort Scale.Journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Rethinking the Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Healthy Older Adults: The Motor-Cognitive Active Gamified Immersive Cultural (MAGIC) Exergames.JMIR aging · 2026Article
- Unravelling the relationship between exercise-induced affective responses and daily physical activity in people with chronic diseases: Spillover or confounding effect?British journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Human behavioral basis for recommending changes to the physical activity guidelines.Sports medicine and health science · 2026Article
- A Piece of the Neuroeconomic Puzzle: Effort-Based Decision-Making and Physical Activity-A Systematic Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Contralateral Thermal Pain and Naturally Occurring Muscle Pain Have Different Effects on Force Production During a Fixed Perceived Effort Handgrip Task.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Co-Develop-IT! Unifying Methodological Guideline for the Co-Design, Development, and Evaluation of Individually Tailored Technology-Enhanced Training and Rehabilitation Concepts: Consensus Development Study and Tutorial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- A multicomponent behavior change intervention to promote walking in adults after traumatic brain injury: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Studying Contextual and Psychological Predictors of Physical Activity Among Emerging Adults: Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Exploring habit strength, reward value, and context stability of sedentary activities in older adults: An ecological momentary assessment study.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2026Article
- Increasing the cognitive demand of upper-limb psychomotor tasks increases the perception of effort.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Trying in the 21st century: An introduction to the special issue on effort.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the automatic attraction to effort minimization has been evidenced in multiple fields, its potential role in explaining the pandemic of physical inactivity has been overlooked. The theory of effort minimization in physical activity (TEMPA) fills this gap. TEMPA seeks to obtain a more accurate understanding of the neuropsychological determinants of movement-based behaviors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.