ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2021
Evolution of a virus-like architecture and packaging mechanism in a repurposed bacterial protein.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protein Nanocages as Versatile Vectors for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Main Systems and Their Loading Mechanisms.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Packaging of Single-Stranded RNA in Viruses and Virus-Like Particles.Annual review of biochemistry · 2026Review
- In vitro-reconstituted Drosophila Arc capsids deliver gene editors to dystrophic muscle.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A molecular basis for stoichiometric enzyme encapsulation in the vitamin B2 biosynthesis compartment.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Discovery of the Phosphonate Flavophos Produced byJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Engineering complexity into protein-based biomaterials for biomedical applications.Nature reviews. Materials · 2026Article
- A Nonviral Neo-Nucleocapsid for Cell-Specific RNA Delivery Developed by Pseudo-Cyclic Peptide Grafting and Directed Evolution.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Self-assembling protein cages: from coiled-coil module to machine learning-drivenMaterials advances · 2026Review
- Discovery of the Phosphonate Flavophos Produced bybioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pleomorphism in Wild-Type and Engineered PP7 Virus-Like Particles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- From disorder to icosahedral symmetry: How conformation-switching subunits enable RNA virus assembly.Science advances · 2025Article
- Measuring the selective packaging of RNA molecules by viral coat proteins in cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Local structural flexibility drives oligomorphism in computationally designed protein assemblies.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Nonviral protein cages as tools to decipher and combat viral threats.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Assembly of Matryoshka-Type Protein Nanocages for Compartmentalized Oxygen Sensing.Nano letters · 2025Article
- Dynamic Assembly of Pentamer-Based Protein Nanotubes.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Article
- A Macrocycle-Mediated Protein Cage.ACS macro letters · 2024Article
- Protein Cage Directed Assembly of Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous pathogens of global impact. Prompted by the hypothesis that their earliest progenitors recruited host proteins for virion formation, we have used stringent laboratory evolution to convert a bacterial enzyme that lacks affinity for nucleic acids into an artificial nucleocapsid that efficiently packages and protects multiple copies of its own encoding messenger RNA. Revealing remarkable convergence on the molecular hallmarks of natural viruses, the accompanying changes reorganized the protein building blocks into an interlaced 240-subunit icosahedral capsid that is impermeable to nucleases, and emergence of a robust RNA stem-loop packaging cassette ensured high encapsidation yields and specificity. In addition to evincing a plausible evolutionary pathway for primordial viruses, these findings highlight practical strategies for developing nonviral carriers for diverse vaccine and delivery applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.