ArticleBMC psychology2021
An exploratory study of embitterment in traumatized refugees.
Article in BMC psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A scoping review of moral injury in refugees.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Ethical and epistemological considerations in applying moral injury (MI) concepts to refugee populations.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2025Article
- Predictors and (in-)stability of ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder in older adults: findings from a longitudinal study in Switzerland.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Knowledge of legal rights as a factor of refugee and asylum seekers' health status: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- The impact of morally injurious events in a refugee sample: A quantitative and qualitative study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Validation Study of the Turkish Version of the Post-Traumatic-Embitterment-Disorder 21-Item Scale.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRefugees and asylum seekers are frequently exposed to violence, human rights violations and unstable living conditions before, during, and after their displacement. Elevated prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in forcibly displaced persons are well documented. However, less is known about other problems related to common refugee experiences, such as embitterment, moral injury, and diminished self-efficacy, and how they are related to trauma exposure and post-migration living difficulties.
methodsA cross-sectional sample of 71 refugees and asylum seekers in treatment were examined regarding exposure to potentially traumatic events, post-migration living difficulties, moral injury appraisals, self-efficacy, and embitterment.
resultsElevated levels of embitterment were reported by 68% of participants. The regression analysis revealed that greater moral injury appraisals and low levels of self-efficacy were significantly associated with higher levels of embitterment.
conclusionThe results provide first insights into embitterment and associated factors in refugee populations. Furthermore, they highlight the significance of moral transgressions and low levels of self-efficacy emerging from displacement and traumatic experiences for the development of mental health problems in a clinical sample of refugees. The findings have implications for future research, policy development and clinical practice.
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