ArticleBiomedical engineering online2021
In vitro delivery efficiencies of nebulizers for different breathing patterns.
Article in Biomedical engineering online, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhaled vitamin A mitigates hyperoxia-induced acute and chronic lung damage in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Lidocaine Delivery Systems for Preventing Postoperative Sore Throat: From Direct Spray to Soft Mist.Local and regional anesthesia · 2026Review
- Impact of nebulizers on nanoparticles-based gene delivery efficiency:Drug delivery · 2025Article
- A Rapid Fluorescence Method for In Vivo Quantitation of Lung Deposition of a Nebulized Drug: Multiple Uses for Advancing Aerosolized Drug Development and Specific Insight Regarding Aerosolized Vitamin A for Preventing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Plaque Removal and Wear between Electric-Mechanical and Bioelectric Toothbrushes.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of antibody drug delivery efficiency via nebulizer in various airway models and breathing patterns.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2023Article
- A Study on the Biofilm Removal Efficacy of a Bioelectric Toothbrush.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Liposomes or Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Comparison of Both Lipid Bilayer Vesicles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery.Polymers · 2023Review
- Properties of Particulate Matter in the Air of the Wieliczka Salt Mine and Related Health Benefits for Tourists.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNebulizers are medical devices that deliver aerosolized medication directly to lungs to treat a variety of respiratory diseases. However, breathing patterns, respiration rates, airway diameters, and amounts of drugs delivered by nebulizers may be respiratory disease dependent.
methodIn this study, we developed a respiratory simulator consisting of an airway model, an artificial lung, a flow sensor, and an aerosol collecting filter. Various breathing patterns were generated using a linear actuator and an air cylinder. We tested six home nebulizers (jet (2), static (2), and vibrating mesh nebulizers (2)). Nebulizers were evaluated under two conditions, that is, for the duration of nebulization and at a constant output 1.3 mL using four breathing patterns, namely, the breathing pattern specified in ISO 27427:2013, normal adult, asthmatic, and COPD.
resultsOne of the vibrating mesh nebulizers had the highest dose delivery efficiency. The drug delivery efficiencies of nebulizers were found to depend on breathing patterns.
conclusionWe suggest a quantitative drug delivery efficiency evaluation method and calculation parameters that include considerations of constant outputs and residual volumes. The study shows output rates and breathing patterns should be considered when the drug delivery efficiencies of nebulizers are evaluated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.