ArticleBMC psychiatry2021
Smartphone addiction and associated factors among postgraduate students in an Arabic sample: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06690879 (ASSESSMENT OF UPPER CROSS SYNDROME AND CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE AMONG ADDICTIVE SMART PHONE PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of upper cross syndrome and cervicogenic headache among addictive smart phone physical therapy students
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of digital addiction on youth health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Pooled it
- Association between Problematic Use of Smartphones and Mental Health in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of exercise and psychological interventions on smartphone addiction among university students: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Attention problems statistically mediate the association between mobile phone addiction and mental health and procrastination in Chinese college students.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between problematic smartphone use, loneliness, and risk behaviors among high school students in a conflict-affected setting: A cross-sectional study from Palestine.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Smartphone And Internet Addiction, Social Support, And Mental Health Among Health Science Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2026Article
- Determinants of smartphone addiction among university students in Jordan.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Depressive and mobile phone addiction symptoms in Chinese adolescents with major depressive disorder: the mediating effect of alexithymia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Behavioral and psychological correlates of problematic smartphone use in street ketamine users.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Smartphone addiction as a risk factor for medication non-adherence in renal transplant recipients.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Associations between Smartphone Usage with Upper-Body Abnormalities, Obesity, Mental Wellbeing and Physical Fitness of High-School Male Students.International journal of school health · 2025Article
- Smartphone dependence, addiction, and insomnia among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2025Article
- Addiction to smartphones in Arabs is associated with severe depressive symptoms and insomnia: a cross-sectional study.Discover mental health · 2024Article
- Relationship Between Problematic Smartphone Use and Graduate Students' Research Self-Efficacy: A Moderated Mediation Model.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring the Relationship of Smartphone Addiction on Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Symptoms, and Sleep Quality Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Smartphone addiction in Iranian schoolchildren: a population-based study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Supervisor's neuroticism and problematic Internet use among graduate students: the mediating role of supervisor-student relationship quality and the moderating role of fear of the supervisor's negative evaluation.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The relationship of smartphone addiction with depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmartphone addiction, as with other behavioral addictions, is associated with social, physical, and mental health issues. In this article, we investigated the prevalence of smartphone addiction among postgraduate students and evaluated its correlation with social demographics, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and nicotine dependence.
objectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of smartphone addiction among Middle Eastern postgraduate students, determine the factors associated with smartphone addiction, and estimate the incidence rate of major depressive disorder (MDD), ADHD, insomnia, and nicotine addiction among postgraduate students with smartphone addiction.
methodsAs part of a cross-sectional online survey, participants were given a self-questionnaire divided into six sections: Socio-demographics, Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) for Depression, Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence Questionnaire (FTCd), and the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1).
resultsOf the 506 patients, 51.0% of the participants demonstrated smartphone addiction. A significant association was also observed between extensive smartphone use and MDD (P = 0.001). Of the smokers in this study, 41.5% were addicted to smartphones (P = 0.039). Smartphone addicts had approximately two times the chance of having insomnia (OR = 2.113) (P = 0.013). In addition, they showcased more ADHD symptoms (OR = 2.712) (P < 0.001).
conclusionsWe found a positive association among insomnia, depression, adult ADHD, and smartphone addiction, which confirms the findings reported in the previous studies. Therefore, we encourage the scientific community to further study the impacts of smartphone addiction on the mental health of postgraduate students.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.