ArticleClinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2021
Post-COVID-19 symptoms 6 months after acute infection among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.
Article in Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 184 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
184 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Oral Manifestations in the Post COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of long covid in patients with pre-existing chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Pooled it
- Post-COVID syndrome prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Long-Term Consequences of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The bidirectional association between diabetes and long-COVID-19 - A systematic review.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors and preventive interventions for post Covid-19 condition: systematic review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of Long COVID-19 Caused by Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- ESCMID rapid guidelines for assessment and management of long COVID.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Guideline
- Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 at 6 Months and Above: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Symptoms and signs of long COVID: A rapid review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Pooled it
- Long COVID Optimal Health Programme to Enhance Mental and Physical Health: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Trial
- Long COVID is associated with lipoxygenase-catalyzed metabolism of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids.iScience · 2026Article
- Neurologic Manifestations of Long COVID Affect Adult Females More Severely Than Males.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Self-management of long COVID symptoms with over-the-counter medicines and other non-prescribed therapies: a cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Risk assessment of cardiac arrhythmias in the early post-COVID-19 period in non-hospitalized patients-long-term data from the PoLoCOV-CVD study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Prevalence of severe fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Norway: a prospective 2-year follow-up study.BMJ open · 2026Article
124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the prevalence of and factors associated with post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome 6 months after the onset.
methodsA bidirectional prospective study. Interviews investigated symptoms potentially associated with COVID-19 6 months after the disease onset of all consecutive adult inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 attending Udine Hospital (Italy) from March to May 2020. IgG antibodies against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were also evaluated 6 months after the onset of symptoms, at the time of the interview.
resultsA total of 599 individuals were included (320 female, 53.4%; mean age 53 years, SD 15.8) and interviewed 187 days (22 SD) after onset. The prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome was 40.2% (241/599). The presence of IgG antibodies was significantly associated with the occurrence of post-COVID-19 syndrome (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.48-4.38, p 0.001) and median SARS-CoV-2 IgG titres were significantly higher in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome than in patients without symptoms (42.1, IQR 17.1-78.4 vs. 29.1, IQR 12.1-54.2 kAU/L, p 0.004). Female gender (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05-2.27), a proportional increase in the number of symptoms at the onset of COVID-19 (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.59-2.05) and ICU admission OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.18-8.11) were all independent risk factors for post-COVID-19 syndrome. The same predictors also emerged in a subgroup of 231 patients with the serological follow-up available at the time of the interview alongside the proportional increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, p 0.04). DISCUSSION: Prospective follow-up could be offered to specific subgroups of COVID-10 patients, to identify typical symptoms and persistently high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titres as a means of early detection of post-COVID-19 long-term sequelae.
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