ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2021
Chemokines and eicosanoids fuel the hyperinflammation within the lungs of patients with severe COVID-19.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma Metabolomic Alterations Are Associated with T-Cell Senescence, Cytokine Dysregulation, and Prognosis in Elderly COVID-19 Patients.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Metabolic Signatures Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination in Serum from Healthy Individuals.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Megakaryocytes Internalize and Are Activated by Immune Complexes.Circulation research · 2026Article
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- Dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of BAY 11-7082 in SARS-CoV-2 infection via inhibition of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Thykamine™: A New Player in the Field of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Afucosylated IgG Promote Thrombosis in Mouse Injected with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Expressing Megakaryocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Enhanced Production of Lipid Mediators in Plasma and Activation of DNA Damage Pathways in PBMCs Are Correlated With the Severity of Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Infection.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Modeling enzyme competition in eicosanoid metabolism in macrophage cells using a cybernetic framework.Journal of lipid research · 2024Article
- Uncovering the Contrasts and Connections in PASC: Viral Load and Cytokine Signatures in Acute COVID-19 versus Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).Biomedicines · 2024Review
- A narrative review of chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 and their role in acute respiratory distress syndrome.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection modifies the transcriptome of the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Pla2g5 contributes to viral-like-induced lung inflammation through macrophage proliferation and LA/Ffar1 lung cell recruitment.Immunology · 2024Article
- Changes in the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 with advancing age in humans.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- Article
- Caspase-1 activation, IL-1/IL-6 signature and IFNγ-induced chemokines in lungs of COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The biomarkers' landscape of post-COVID-19 patients can suggest selective clinical interventions.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Reduced SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity and protection in mice with diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to a variety of clinical outcomes, ranging from the absence of symptoms to severe acute respiratory disease and ultimately death. A feature of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the abundance of inflammatory cytokines in the blood. Elevated levels of cytokines are predictive of infection severity and clinical outcome. In contrast, studies aimed at defining the driving forces behind the inflammation in lungs of subjects with severe COVID-19 remain scarce.
objectiveOur aim was to analyze and compare the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of patients with severe COVID-19 (n = 45) for the presence of cytokines and lipid mediators of inflammation (LMIs).
methodsCytokines were measured by using Luminex multiplex assay, and LMIs were measured by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
resultsWe revealed high concentrations of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and LMIs in the BAL fluid of patients with severe COVID-19. Of the 13 most abundant mediators in BAL fluid, 11 were chemokines, with CXCL1 and CXCL8 being 200 times more abundant than IL-6 and TNF-α. Eicosanoid levels were also elevated in the lungs of subjects with severe COVID-19. Consistent with the presence chemotactic molecules, BAL fluid samples were enriched for neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Inflammatory cytokines and LMIs in plasma showed limited correlations with those present in BAL fluid, arguing that circulating inflammatory molecules may not be a reliable proxy of the inflammation occurring in the lungs of patients with severe COVID-19.
conclusionsOur findings indicate that hyperinflammation of the lungs of patients with severe COVID-19 is fueled by excessive production of chemokines and eicosanoids. Therapeutic strategies to dampen inflammation in patients with COVID-19 should be tailored accordingly.
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