Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34111423›Full record

ArticleCell host & microbe2021

Dispersal strategies shape persistence and evolution of human gut bacteria.

Falk Hildebrand, Toni I Gossmann, Clémence Frioux, Ezgi Özkurt, Pernille Neve Myers, Pamela Ferretti, Michael Kuhn, Mohammad Bahram, Henrik Bjørn Nielsen, Peer Bork

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell host & microbe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
9.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  5. Dissecting the Ecological Structure of Health and Disease in the Global Gut Microbiome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  16. Review
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  18. A Hadza-enrichedGut microbes reports · 2026
    Article
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  20. Article

11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.

Falk HildebrandGut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, NR4 7UQ Norwich, UK; Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, NR4 7UZ Norwich, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: falk.hildebrand@quadram.ac.uk.
Toni I GossmannDepartment of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld DE-33501, Germany.
Clémence FriouxGut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, NR4 7UQ Norwich, UK; Inria, INRAE, CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France.
Ezgi ÖzkurtGut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, NR4 7UQ Norwich, UK; Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, NR4 7UZ Norwich, UK.
Pernille Neve MyersClinical Microbiomics A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Pamela FerrettiEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Michael KuhnEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Mohammad BahramDepartment of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
Henrik Bjørn NielsenClinical Microbiomics A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Peer BorkEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Yonsei Frontier Lab (YFL), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: bork@embl.de.
Clinical Microbiomics (Denmark) · DKEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory · DEBielefeld University · DEEarlham Institute · GBInstitut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement · FRMax Delbrück Center · DEQuadram Institute · GBSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences · SE

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/F/000PR10353Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BBS/E/F/000PR10355European Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human gut bacterial strains can co-exist with their hosts for decades, but little is known about how these microbes persist and disperse, and evolve thereby. Here, we examined these processes in 5,278 adult and infant fecal metagenomes, longitudinally sampled in individuals and families. Our analyses revealed that a subset of gut species is extremely persistent in individuals, families, and geographic regions, represented often by locally successful strains of the phylum Bacteroidota. These "tenacious" bacteria show high levels of genetic adaptation to the human host but a high probability of loss upon antibiotic interventions. By contrast, heredipersistent bacteria, notably Firmicutes, often rely on dispersal strategies with weak phylogeographic patterns but strong family transmissions, likely related to sporulation. These analyses describe how different dispersal strategies can lead to the long-term persistence of human gut microbes with implications for gut flora modulations.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeAdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaChild, PreschoolFecesFemaleHumansInfantMaleMetagenomeMiddle AgedPhylogenyYoung AdultAnti-Bacterial Agentsantibioticsbacterial dispersalgut microbiomemetagenomicspopulation geneticsstrain resolution

Identifiers

PMID34111423
PMCPMC8288446
OpenAlexW3167346936

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.